The purpose of this research is to provide a systematic review and integrative framework the antecedents knowledge withholding. A literature led selection 42 empirical papers that collected data from 16,649 respondents. included identified 93 showed high degree theoretical variety. We used theories interdependence, social exchange, identity construct integrates explains why people withhold thei...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the kinds of ethical dilemmas surgeons face during practice. METHODS Five male and five female surgeons at a University hospital in Norway were interviewed as part of a comprehensive investigation into the narratives of physicians and nurses about ethically difficult situations in surgical units. The transcribed interview texts were subjected t...

BACKGROUND The first of the atypical antipsychotics introduced in the 1970s, clozapine remains the most efficacious neuroleptic to this day. However, serious and potentially fatal side effects have necessitated careful regular monitoring among prescribing clinicians. Some adverse effects (e.g. ischaemic bowel) remain under recognized, while newly identified adverse effects continue to be descri...

increasing overall liberalization and improving reliability indexes are the two prime but often conflicting objectives of electricity markets. proper embedding of regulatory intervention of price caps provides an effective means to tradeoff between these two objectives. surprisingly, in the context of the infinitely repeated game paradigm, as in the case of actual electricity markets, the domin...

Withholding and withdrawing a treatment already established are two forms of limitation of the therapeutic effort (LTE). The question of undergoing or not undergoing lifesaving medical treatments is not restricted to a specific health care context, as it refers to a variety of treatments, and it does not concern a restricted group of diseases. LTE has become part of the options compatible with ...

Both oligopoly theory and experiments are concerned almost uniquely with sellers’ behavior. Buyers’ ability to exhibit non-trivial behavior in different market institutions remains unaddressed. This paper investigates the impact of three variables (number of buyers, surplus division at the market-clearing price and information revelation) on strategic and fairness-motivated demand withholding. ...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether UK and US health care professionals share the views of medical ethicists about medical futility, withdrawing/withholding treatment, ordinary/extraordinary interventions, and the doctrine of double effect. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING A 138-item attitudinal questionnaire completed by 469 UK nurses studying the Open University course on "Death and Dying" was compare...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate feasibility of the guidelines of the Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et Urgence Pédiatriques (French-speaking group of paediatric intensive and emergency care; GFRUP) for limitation of treatments in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN A 2-year prospective survey. SETTING A 12-bed PICU at the Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France. PATIENTS Were incl...