A new dynamical subgrid model for turbulent flow is used to derive the structure of the heat and momentum fluxes, mean wind and temperature profiles, and temperature and velocity variances, as a function of the Richardson number, in the surface layer of the planetary boundary layer. Analytical solutions are obtained for stationary, homogeneous surface layers and are compared with field observat...

The outside convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) of building roof is an important parameter for accurately calculating heat transfer through roof and simulating airflow around buildings. However, the correlations concerning CHTC in various studies seem to be discrepant. The experiment using naphthalene method to measuring CHTC was carried out on a nine-story building roof during 15 Augus...

Roughness length is a critical parameter for estimation of wind conditions, and it is therefore also relevant for the estimation of human thermal conditions in urban areas. The high density of buildings in urban areas causes large changes in land coverage, thereby increasing surface roughness. This influence atmospheric flow and also leads to a reduction in urban air ventilation, thus increasin...

nowadays, we live in a world which quality, speed, accuracy and cost are the most important parameters in parts' design and manufacturing. due to the complexity of part manufacturing, traditional and nontraditional manufacturing techniques are used. aerodynamic tests usually requires one or several models for testing in wind tunnels and these models typically have particular complexities in whi...

This paper assesses impacts of three wind farms in northern Illinois using land surface temperature (LST) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites for the period 2003-2013. Changes in LST between two periods (before and after construction of the wind turbines) and between wind farm pixels and nearby non-wind-farm pixel...

The conceptual model of a classical surface-based cold front consists of a sharp temperature decrease coincident with a pressure trough and a distinct wind shift at the surface. Many cold fronts, however, do not conform to this model—time series at a single surface station may possess a pressure trough and wind shift in the warm air preceding the cold front (hereafter called a prefrontal trough...

Observations indicated that for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) there have been eastward displacements of the zonal wind stress anomalies and surface heat flux (short wave heat flux and latent heat flux) anomalies during El Niño episodes in the 1981-1995 regime relative to the earlier regime of 1961-1975 (without corresponding displacements during La Niña episodes). Our numerical experi...

The time-variable coastal upwelling during CODE 2 is simulated using a mixing-advection coupled model. The agreement between model results and observations is generally good. During periods of strong equatorward wind stress, shelf water is cold and weakly stratified, and a front moves offshore; during periods of wind relaxation, surface temperature rises markedly, but the subsurface front usual...

[1] In summer on the shallow New England continental shelf, near the coast the water temperature is much cooler than the observed surface heat flux suggests. Using depth‐integrated heat budgets in 12 and 27 m water depth calculated from observed surface heat flux, water temperature, and velocity, we demonstrate that on time scales of weeks to months the water is persistently cooled due to a mea...

Here, we analyse high-frequency (1 min) surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP), wind speed and direction and cloud-cover data acquired during the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from 76 UK Met Office weather stations, and compare the results with those from 30 weather stations in the Faroe Islands and 148 stations in Iceland. There was a statistically significant mean UK tempera...