The effect of a continuous-wave (cw) laser based anemometer's probe volume on the measurement of wind turbulence is studied in this paper. Wind speed time series acquired by both a remote sensing cw laser anemometer, whose line-of-sight was aligned with the wind direction, and by a reference sensor (sonic anemometer) located in the same direction, were used. The spectral transfer function, whic...

A mathematical model is used to simulate the effect of wind conditions on men's and women's 200-m times. Four questions are posed: What is the effect of constant winds on 200-m performance? What is the effect of varying wind speed and direction? What is the effect of the lane allocation? How do wind conditions affect the velocity profile? The race is simulated for winds with constant velocity a...

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the town of Bor, situated in the eastern of Serbia. The main source of air pollution with sulphur dioxide, heavy metals and other toxic and carcinogenic elements present in particulate matter (PM) and aero sediments is the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor. The distribution of air pollutants is mainly determined by the co...

Swifts regularly spend the night flying at high altitude. From previous studies based on tracking radar observations, we know that they stay airborne during the night and prefer to orient themselves into the wind direction with an increased angular concentration with increasing wind speed. In this study, we investigated the orientation relative to the wind of individual swifts by frequency (dis...

This paper investigates reducing power variance caused by different wind directions using farm layout optimization. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective [Formula: see text] constraint method used to solve the bi-objective in two-step optimization framework where two sequential optimizations were performed. first maximizing mean alone and second minimizing with on power. results show ...

 Cloud height, wind speed and direction at cloud height play an important role in air safety. This paper presents a low-cost system based on digital consumer cameras to estimate cloud base height. It is shown that both wind speed and direction at cloud level can also be obtained with this system. The method is based on triangulation and uses image registration to identify common cloud features...

Understanding some of the basic wind engineering concepts helps one understand the chimney’s response. The circular cross section of the steel chimney characteristically provides aerodynamic lift perpendicular to the wind direction. Knowing how to predict and prevent these adverse responses is of critical importance to steel chimney design. I. STATIC WIND FORCES The force exerted by wind varies...

Surface wind vector measurements over the oceans are vital for scientists and forecasters to understand the Earth's global weather and climate. In the last two decades operational measurements of global ocean wind speeds were obtained from passive microwave radiometers (SSM/I’s); and over this period, full ocean surface wind vector data were obtained from several NASA and ESA scatterometry miss...

In this study, the capabilities of WAWEWATCH-III and MIKE21-SW for predicting the characteristics ofwind-generated waves in Hormuz Strait are evaluated. The numerical models have been set up using Input data including GFS wind with 5° spatial resolution and 6 hours time intervals, along with the ETOPO1 bathymetry data with 2 arc-minute spatial resolutions. The results of the two model simulatio...