implementing information technology projects requires a calculated process to prevent failure. at the same time application of information technology in organizations faces various potential risks. exploring information technology environment in organizations reveals the potential risks and provides a structure for comprehensive risk management. there are various methods available for risk mana...

introduction: risk is an essential component in the production and sale of agricultural products. due to the nature of agricultural products, the people who act in this area including farmers and businesspersons encounter unpredictable fluctuations of prices. on the other hand, the firms that process agricultural products also face fluctuation of price of agricultural inputs. given that the can...

This paper investigates the relationship between option trading behavior and pricing patterns. We argue that greater active in options market due to investor overconfidence leads higher volatility larger discrepancies pricing, which may be captured by implied spread skewness. Using two different measures of excess trading, we find activities are correlated ways with volatility, spread, also the...

This paper proves that the optimal exercise time for the holder of an American option depends upon the physical drift of the underlying asset and the utility of the option holder. We illustrate our results by applying them to several families of utility functions, namely the CARA, the HARA, and the expected return. While the option holder maximises his utility, the issuer gains from the di eren...

although chronic myelogenous leukemia in pregnancy is rare, its management and treatment is more difficult and complicated. treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia includes bone marrow transplantation, however in less than 30% of patients the donor’s organ would be accepted. to this end, cytotoxic therapy is considered as an alternative therapeutic option. this option provides s...

In this paper‎, ‎the impacts of premium bounds of put option contracts on the operation of put option and day-ahead electricity markets are studied‎. ‎To this end‎, ‎first a comprehensive equilibrium model for a joint put option and day-ahead markets is presented‎. ‎Interaction between put option and day-ahead markets‎, ‎uncertainty in fuel price, impact of premium bounds, and elasticity of con...

We examined the role of working-memory (WM) in dynamic decision-making by having participants perform decision-making tasks under single-task or dual-task conditions. In two experiments participants performed dynamic decision-making tasks where they chose one of two options on each trial. The Decreasing option always gave a larger immediate reward, but caused future rewards for both options to ...