We propose a new way to mix constrained types and type inference, where the interaction between the two is minimal. By using local constraints embedded in types, rather than the other way round, we obtain a system which keeps the usual structure of an Hindley-Milner type system. In practice, this means that it is easy to introduce local constraints in existing type inference algorithms. Eventho...

Repeatable snow depth patterns have been identified in many regions between years with similar meteorological characteristics. This suggests that from previous could adjust deposition space as a substitution for unmodeled processes. Here, we tested pattern-based downscaling routine which assumes (a) spatially consistent relationship and depth, (b) interannually repeatable patterns, (c) unbiased...

Recent DNA sequencing data have shown that J. flaccida var. flaccida, J. f. var. martinezii and J. f. var. poblana are polyphyletic taxa. Additional analysis using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) analyses for J. durangensis, J. flaccida var. flaccida, var. martinezii, and var. poblana, J. jaliscana, J. monticola and J. standleyi revealed exactly the same pattern of relationships as se...

Linkage was shown between the myotonic dystrophy locus (DM) and a highly polymorphic AC repeat marker within the kallikrein (KLK1) locus (Z = 3.00, theta = 0.0). Linkage between KLK1 and the highly polymorphic AC repeat marker within the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) locus, which had been established in normal families, was confirmed in myotonic dystrophy families (Z = 4.37, theta = 0.11). These hi...

Speckle-fringe quality can be improved by averaging many statistically independent interferograms together, which are generated by shifting the object's illumination angle. A technique applicable to double-exposure speckle interferograms obtained from processing two speckle patterns is described. It utilizes a computer-controlled stepping motor to tilt the object illumination, which is repeatab...

Over the last two decades, DNA fingerprinting have been increasingly used to characterize germplasm of different organisms including crop plants, which was otherwise difficult with morphological and or isozyme markers because of paucity of genetic information at phenotypic level. In the present study, two hybrid samples of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) received from Federal Seed Certification an...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed using hoop-petticoat daffodils (Narcissus sect. Bulbocodii; Amaryllidaceae) to aid in the taxonomic revision of the section, and to further evaluate their broad applicability for daffodil cultivar identification. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred fifty-one primer pairs were developed using a commercial service. Nineteen polymorphic an...

We study learnability of Categorial Dependency Grammars (CDG), a family of categorial grammars expressing all kinds of projective, discontinuous and repeatable dependencies. For these grammars, it is known that they are not learnable from dependency structures. We propose two different ways of modelling the repeatable dependencies through iterated types and the two corresponding families of CDG...