نتایج جستجو برای: which have been formed over time

تعداد نتایج: 6763156  

Journal: :Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 2009
Julian W Tang Thomas J Liebner Brent A Craven Gary S Settles

Various infectious agents are known to be transmitted naturally via respiratory aerosols produced by infected patients. Such aerosols may be produced during normal activities by breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing. The schlieren optical method, previously applied mostly in engineering and physics, can be effectively used here to visualize airflows around human subjects in such indoor situ...

Journal: :The European respiratory journal 1999
G A Fontana T Pantaleo F Lavorini N M Maluccio D Mutolo M Pistolesi

Cough-related variables such as cough frequency, time to onset (i.e. the time until the first cough occurs) and the cough index (i.e. the ratio between the cough frequency and the time to onset) may be important when interpreting results of cough challenges for therapeutic interventions or for comparative research purposes. Nevertheless, repeatability (or reproducibility) for these widely used ...

2012
Julian W. Tang Andre Nicolle Jovan Pantelic Gerald C. Koh Liang De Wang Muhammad Amin Christian A. Klettner David K. W. Cheong Chandra Sekhar Kwok Wai Tham

Cough airflow dynamics have been previously studied using a variety of experimental methods. In this study, real-time, non-invasive shadowgraph imaging was applied to obtain additional analyses of cough airflows produced by healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, mean age 32.2±12.9 years; 10 men, mean age 25.3±2.5 years) were asked to cough freely, then into their sleeves (as p...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه اصفهان 1389

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه اراک - دانشکده علوم 1392

the history of plant’s used for mankind is as old as the start of humankind. initially, people used plants for their nutritional proposes but after the discovery of medicinal properties, this natural ?ora became a useful source of disease cure and health improvement across various human communities. berberis vulgaris is one of the medicinal plants used in iranian traditional medicine. berberis ...

2015
ELENA KLIMENKO BORIS KUNYAVSKĬI JUN MORITA EUGENE PLOTKIN

The paper is a short survey of recent developments in the area of word maps evaluated on groups and algebras. It is aimed to pose questions relevant to Kac–Moody theory.

پایان نامه :دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی - دانشکده برق و الکترونیک 1390

there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد 1376

in this thesis our aim is to construct vector field in r3 for which the corresponding one-dimensional maps have certain discontinuities. two kinds of vector fields are considered, the first the lorenz vector field, and the second originally introced here. the latter have chaotic behavior and motivate a class of one-parameter families of maps which have positive lyapunov exponents for an open in...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه گیلان - دانشکده علوم انسانی 1392

this study investigated how group formation method, namely student-selected vs. teacher-assigned, influences the results of the community model of teaching creative writing; i.e., group dynamics and group outcome (the quality of performance). the study adopted an experimental comparison group and microgenetic research design to observe the change process over a relatively short period of time. ...

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