Limited water resources with uneven distribution in addition to the growing demands are the main challenges of the water governance in Iran. The Government has planned several water resources development project and due to their complex technical, socio-economical, and environmental outcomes, comprehensive evaluation is needed. To select more adaptive and accountable projects, suitable group de...

introduction common pool water resources (cpwrs) face overuse and congestion due to increased competition for the non-excludability and subtractability nature of their use. in the cpwrs conflicts, beneficiaries base their actions on individual rationality which negatively affect all users eventually due to the lack of trust between them, their self-optimizing tendencies, and inadequate informat...

the electro-osmotic consolidation is a method to improve geotechnical properties of soft clayey soils. the feasibility of electro–osmotically induced consolidation can be examined through the soil coefficient of electro–osmotic permeability (ke) and the electro–osmotic coefficient of water transport (ki). using an electro-osmotic testing cell, ke and ki parameters were measured in urmia lake we...

chaos theory discusses unstable and non-periodic behavior of non-linear fluctuating dynamicsystems. since evaporation level variations of lakes have a dynamic identity, chaos theory can have a uniquerole in collecting data of these variations. therefore it is an important and challenging problem in the field ofplanning and qualitative and quantitative management of urmia lake to verify whether ...

drought as a climatic phenomenon affected many different environmental issues and generally is associated with the decreasing in average precipitation. evaluation and monitoring of the drought is a fundamental step in proper programming of water resources management. regarding the recent conditions water scarcity in the urmia lake basin, assessment of the drought index in this region is inevita...

this research summarizes the data on benthic macro invertebrates collected from 25 points in the urmia lake wetlands during november 2008 to february 2009. the purpose of the study was to assess the effects of elevated salinity and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels on macro invertebrate abundance and composition. a total of 32 taxa were collected, and the common taxa, including chirono...