A nanofluid is mixture of nano sized particles and a base fluid. This paper investigates by using laboratory based double pipe heat exchanger model, the performance of nanofluid containing about 48.46nm  particle size nanoparticles (ZnO) without or with addition of nonionic surfactant Rokanol K7 (500ppm) into the base fluid double distilled water to prepared three different concentrations 1.0%,...

We report a direct observation on the laterally emitted surface second harmonic generation (SHG) in a single ZnTe nanowire. The highly directional surface SHG radiates vertically to the nanowire growth-axis with a high conversion efficiency of 5 × 10(-6) and a low divergence angle of 4°. Polarization state, emission intensity, and direction of the surface SHG are found to be dependent on the po...

A nanofluid is mixture of nano sized particles and a base fluid. This paper investigates by using laboratory based double pipe heat exchanger model, the performance of nanofluid containing about 48.46nm  particle size nanoparticles (ZnO) without or with addition of nonionic surfactant Rokanol K7 (500ppm) into the base fluid double distilled water to prepared three different concentrations 1.0%,...

The reverse co-precipitation method was used for synthesis of the pure phase multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles. Influence of different pH values on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the BFO nanopowders was investigated. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) technique indicated that the optimal temperature for calcination is 550°C. The phase formation and the...

Satellites with microwave sensors onboard observing land surface from space consist of signal contributions from surface and atmosphere. The upwelling microwave signals are less attenuated by the atmosphere hence, for earthly located features remote sensing satellite microwave sensors have an advantage over visible sensor systems. In order to monitor snow cover with passive microwave data, brig...

an investigation has been carried out on the temperature of a biscuit on the cooling line of razavi food industries company. for thispurpose, the time variations of biscuit’s top surface temperature in traveling from oven to packing station on the conveyor packing station by conveyors has been studied. the fourier field equation for transient heat transfer is used as the basis for the determini...

This study deal with interactions between thermal and radiative energy flow in experimental situations of varying complexity. Of special interest is how IR energy, re-emitted from CO2 gas, behaves an earth/atmosphere simulated setup. Such experiment was performed by Hermann Harde Michael Schnell where they show that radiation emitted can warm a small black-body metal plate. In control experimen...

Holographic interferometry in the thermal wavelengths range, combining a CO(2) laser and digital hologram recording with a microbolometer array based camera, allows simultaneously capturing temperature and surface shape information about objects. This is due to the fact that the holograms are affected by the thermal background emitted by objects at room temperature. We explain the setup and the...

The measuremen t of the spectral emlSSlVl ty of heated substances may be accomplished by comparing the energy emitted by the substance under study 'with that emitted by a standard substance for radiation at various wavelengths. For such a standard one usually uses a blackbody, that is, a hollow body provided with a hole for viewing the radia tion inside. The inside surface of the blackbody must...