We analyze noncontractible investments in a model with shading. A seller can make an investment that affects a buyer’s value. The parties have outside options that depend on asset ownership. When shading is not possible and there is no contract renegotiation, an optimum can be achieved by giving the seller the right to make a take-it-or-leave-it offer. However, with shading, such a contract cre...

CBCT images suffer from acute shading artifacts primarily due to scatter. Numerous image-domain correction algorithms have been proposed in the literature that use patient-specific planning CT images to estimate shading contributions in CBCT images. However, in the context of radiosurgery applications such as gamma knife, planning images are often acquired through MRI which impedes the use of p...

Shading has a great impact to the human perception of 3D objects. Thus, in order to create or to deform a 3D object, it seems natural to manipulate its perceived shading. This paper presents a new solution for the software implementation of this idea. Our approach is based on the ability of a user to coarsely draw a shading, under different lighting directions. With this intuitive process, user...

The present work aimed to evaluate the osmotic conditioning and shading on the germination and on the initial growth of aroeira seedlings. The seeds were pre-imbibed in solutions with different concentrations of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and KNO3 and incubated at 10°C and 20°C temperatures, during 0 (control), 12 and 24 hours. After these periods, the seeds were dried until they reached the ini...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the perception of shading is based upon assumptions about lighting direction, for example, light from above. However, it is not clear whether these assumptions are used in the perception of cast shadows. Moreover, it is unclear whether a perceptual interaction exists between shading and cast shadows because until now they have been studied separately. In ...

An understanding of light and its interaction with matter is essential to produce images. As the modeling of light sources, light transport and light re ection improves, it becomes possible to render images with increasing realism. The central motivation behind this thesis is to improve realism in computer graphics images by more accurate local shading models and to assist the user to obtain th...

The goal of the I.M.O.G.E.N.E. project is to define a real time graphics system. We focus on true real time display, images being computed at frame rate, i.e 50 (or 60) times a second. The I.M.O.G.E.N.E. machine uses no frame buffer. We use a massive object parallelism; the graphics module is made of a large number of object-processors, each one handling one graphics primitive at pixel rate in ...

Light is an important resource for plant growth and development, crops need to change their physiological characteristics to different light environments. Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka. is an important economic plant which is widely planted at home. A greenhouse experiment was conducted from April 2010 with different sun-shading treatment, 85% (CK), 60% (T1), 35% (T2) and 10% (T3). After...