Mass balance measurements for Golubin glacier in Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, have been discontinuous over the last century, with significant data gaps. We provide a unique 100-year-long mass series on daily resolution. applied temperature index model calibrated glaciological and validated secular balances derived from independent length change observations. A comparison other recent geodeti...

The article talk about the mountain passes of Kastek and Yrgayty, related to complex dangerous parts caravan roads Antiquity Middle Ages. Between Zhetizhol Ridges in spurs Tien Shan (Khan Tengri Mountains) is Pass Rgaiti between Atzhailau Mountains. Caravan or migration paths passed through from Shu region Ily Valley, Rgayty along Shu-Ili mountain, overlook western end Balkhash Lake. names moun...

Abstract This study deploys RTK-GNSS in 2012, TLS 2015 and UAV 2018 to monitor the changes of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG1), eastern Tien Shan, analyzes feasibility three technologies monitoring mountain glaciers. DEM differencing shows that UG1 has experienced a pronounced thinning mass loss for period 2012–18. The glacier surface elevation change ?0.83 ± 0.57 m w.e. ?1 been recorded 2012–15, whe...

This study aims to examine the determinants of destination loyalty toward World Heritage Sites (WHSs) along Silk Road tourism in Uzbekistan. It could enable profiling inbound tourists visiting WHSs and identification important loyalty. The results this present valuable empirical evidence among travelers An online survey was conducted collect data from U.S. residents who experienced A total 419 ...

Stable sulfur isotope measurements (delta34S) made on samples collected from a 2 m snowpit on the Inilchek Glacier, Tien Shan Mountains (42.16 degrees N, 80.25 degrees E, 5100 m) are used to estimate sources of sulfate (SO4(2-)) in high-elevation Central Asian precipitation. Comparison of snowpit oxygen isotope (delta18O) data with previous work constrains the age of the snowpit samples to the ...

The landscape approach is relevant for the study of mountainous areas, and serves to bring order complex differentiation natural conditions resources. Based on mapping in different mountain regions North Caucasus, Tien Shan Altai, there are three levels operational units that can form basis optimising nature management: habitats (year-round residence, seasonal farming fragmented visits), micro-...

We report the observation results of hard radiation flashes which accompanied lightning discharges above mountains Northern Tien Shan. Time series counting rate intensity, numerical estimations absolute flux, and energy distribution accelerated electrons (20?2000) keV gamma rays were obtained at height 3700 m a. s. l., immediately within thunderclouds, in closest vicinity (?100 m) to discharge ...

This paper presents new results of detailed seismic tomography (ST) on the deep structure beneath Middle Tien Shan to a depth 60 km. For better understanding detected heterogeneities, obtained velocity models were compared with magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) along Kekemeren and Naryn profiles, running parallel 74 76 meridians, respectively. We found that in study region characteristics geoelect...