BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota interacts closely with human diet and physiology. To better understand the mechanisms behind this relationship, gut microbiome research relies on complementing human studies with manipulations of animal models, including non-human primates. However, due to unique aspects of human diet and physiology, it is likely that host-gut microbe interactions operate dif...

OBJECTIVE We have examined maternal mechanisms for adult-onset glucose intolerance, increased adiposity, and atherosclerosis using two mouse models for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): maternal protein restriction and hypercholesterolemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For these studies, we measured the amino acid levels in dams from two mouse models for IUGR: 1) feeding C57BL/6J dams a ...

The interplay between diet and the microbiota has been implicated in the growing frequency of chronic diseases associated with the Western lifestyle. However, the complexity and variability of microbial ecology in humans and preclinical models has hampered identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of the microbiota in this context. We sought to address two key questi...

conclusions this study showed significant associations between the seven dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among adolescents. using dietary patterns within adolescents can provide important information on dietary consumption, and this approach is clearer and much easier to follow. patients and methods a total of 840 students, ages 15 - 17, from six schools were enrolled in this cross-...

Tissue glucocorticoid levels in the liver and adipose tissue are regulated by regeneration of inactive glucocorticoid by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) and inactivation by 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases. A low carbohydrate diet increases hepatic 11beta-HSD1 and reduces glucocorticoid metabolism during weight loss in obese humans. We hypothesized that similar variations i...

6 Western diet modulates the susceptibility of the heart to ischemic injury and sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection in rats Effect of diet and sevoflurane on ischemic injury 111 Abstract Introduction

Rats fed high fat diets have been shown to be impaired in hippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks, such as spatial recognition in the Y-maze and reference memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). It is clear from previous studies, however, that motivation and reward factor into the memory deficits associated with obesity and high-fat diet consumption, and that the prefrontal cortex and striatum an...

Estetrol prevents obesity, steatosis, and atherosclerosis in mice fed a Western diet. Hepatic ER? is necessary for the prevention of but not obesity

Reddy and Wynder (13) investigated fecal bile acids and neutral sterols of various population groups: North Americans consuming a high-fat, mixed western diet; North American Seventh-Day Adventists consuming a diet without meat and moderately low amount of fat; Japanese on a low-fat diet; Chinese consuming low-fat Chinese diet; and strict vegetarians consuming a low-fat vegetarian diet. A signi...