The primary purpose of this report is to identify and explain census errors in terms of our hypotheses of the causes of undercount. The results of the evaluation of the causes of undercount for the target groups are based on the Alternative Enumeration (AE) and ethnographic observations. Many Black inner city areas are characterized by high rates of unemployment, poverty, illiteracy, substandar...

Nearly 40 years ago, the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project developed a high-quality educational approach focusing on 3and 4-year-olds at risk for school failure. The longitudinal study has found that not only was the project effective as an educational intervention, it also demonstrated other positive outcomes, including a significantly lower rate of crime and delinquency and a lower incidence...

INTRODUCTION The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), enacted in 1982 as a major initiative of the Reagan Administration, created what became a $5 billion federally-funded employment and training program for disadvantaged workers. 1 The JTPA directs the states to provide services to “those who can benefit from, and are most in need of, such opportunities” and requires that the results “be measu...

Although collectivist ideas have everywhere fallen into disrepute, this essay argues that socialism nevertheless will survive and be extended in the new century. That gloomy prospect looms, not because socialism is more efficient or more just, but because ceding control over their actions to others allows individuals to escape, evade and even deny personal responsibilities. People are afraid to...

The New Deal for Young People (NDYP) is one of the main components of the UK government’s Welfare-to-Work strategy aimed at raising employment and reducing benefit dependency. It combines elements of an active labour market programme with a stricter benefit regime. This paper evaluates its impact on the wider economy, emphasising the importance of the programme’s effect on wage pressure, which ...

For several decades, public political discourses on ‘welfare dependency’ have failed to recognise that welfare states are not the source of economic dependence, but rather reconfigure dependencies in a specific way. This article distinguishes four senses ‘economic dependence’ can help clarify what is missing from these discourses, and at stake legal decisions about how we may economically depen...

BACKGROUND Even under optimal internal organizational conditions, implementation can be undermined by changes in organizations' external environments, such as fluctuations in funding, adjustments in contracting practices, new technology, new legislation, changes in clinical practice guidelines and recommendations, or other environmental shifts. Internal organizational conditions are increasingl...

BACKGROUND Though poorly known, relationships between disability, need of help (dependency) and use of social services are crucial aspects of public health. The objective of this study was to describe the links between disability, officially assessed dependency, and social service use by an industrial population, and identify areas of inequity. METHODS We took advantage of a door-to-door surv...

Since the late 1990s, a wide range of so-called new civic integration policies aimed at civilizing or disciplining newcomers have been introduced. Consequently, migration scholars have discussed whether a converging restrictive 'civic turn' has taken place in Western Europe or whether national models have been resilient: Based on an in-depth historical and comparative analysis of labour market ...