The in-process monitoring and real-time control of the penetration depth during laser welding is evaluated. An optical collimator collects the optical emission for measurement with a fast spectrometer. The sensor data are used to calculate the electron temperature and subsequently to determine the weld quality of overlap welds in AISI 304 stainless steel sheets performed both with CW Nd:YAG and...

Laser welding has been widely used in various industry fields. In order to further alter and broaden its applicability, a novel technology of laser welding under vacuum is introduced. The combination of high power laser and low ambient pressure provides an excellent welding performance and quality. In this paper, an overview on laser welding under vacuum is presented. It begins with a short int...

Submerged Arc welding process is automated and semiautomated high deposition down hand welding process not vertical or over welding process, The fundamental difference of this welding process is that the Arc is not visible it is submerged into the flux. Weldment is fully submerged the heat loss is minimum and the thermal efficiency is very high up to 80-90%. A constant power sources and control...

Keyhole plasma arc welding is a unique arc welding process for deep penetration. To ensure the quality of the welds, the presence of the keyhole is critical. Understanding of the keyhole will certainly benefit the improvement of the process and weld quality. Currently, the size of the keyhole is assumed to be correlative with the robustness of the keyhole process in maintaining the keyhole. To ...

The multi-layer welding structure is a kind of important weld component used in modern aviation industry. In order to control the quality of the inner welds, the method of ultrasonic immersion testing with focusing probe has been performed in this study. Some testing signals displayed in the screen are overlapping signals composed by the echoes with different propagation routes in the multi-lay...

The aim of this paper is to achieve thespot welding sequence for minimum distortion of a sheet metal assembly and to optimise the parameters of welding which insures minimum distortion for the optimised sequence. The distortion of the assembly involving number of spot welds is different for different sequences of welding The assembly consists of sheet metal components which are joined by using ...

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general-purpose detectors to be provided for the LHC project at CERN. The design field of the CMS superconducting magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free bore is 6 m. In order to withstand the electro-mechanical forces during the operation of the CMS magnet, the superconducting cable embedded in a 99.998% pure aluminum matrix is re...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a joining process where the regulation of some technological parameters, like machining forces and tool velocities, is essential to ensure the required product quality. Therefore industrial robots are often equipped with force sensors in order to have a monitoring of the interaction forces between the rotating tool and the sheets metal. Alternatively a mathematica...

To obtain satisfactory welds in positional laser beam welding, it is necessary to know how process parameters will influence the quality of welds in different welding positions. In this study, the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V sheets were laser welded in two vertical welding positions (vertical up and vertical down), and the appearance, porosity, strength, and ductility of the laser joints were evalua...

It is very well known that the use of robotics in the industry increases productivity and quality in many aspects. It is also well known that some adjustments have to be made to grant payback for the investment and to reach the expected results. Today, the robotization is known as an alternate technique for production, increasing qualitative and quantitative competence of its industries. One po...