Electron beam butt welding of stainless steel (SS 304) and electrolytically tough pitched (ETP) copper plates was carried out according to central composite design of experiments. Three input parameters, namely accelerating voltage, beam current and weld speed were considered in the butt welding experiments of dissimilar metals. The weld-bead parameters, such as bead width and depth of penetrat...

Three-dimensional residual stress mapping of an aluminum 2024-T3 arcan specimen, butt-welded by the friction stir technique, was performed by neutron diffraction. Results indicate that the residual stress distribution profiles across the weld region are asymmetric with respect to the weld centerline, with the largest gradients in the measured residual stress components occurring on the advancin...

Real-time estimation of weld quality from process data is one of the key objectives in current weld control systems for resistance spot-welding processes. This task can be alleviated if the weld controller is equipped with a voltage sensor in the secondary circuit. Replacing the goal of quantifying the weld quality in terms of button size by the more modest objective of indirect estimation of t...

The distortion of laser welded titanium plates was assessed for different operating conditions of the laser welding device, and with different welding parameters (in terms of weld point and prewelding). In this study, Nd : YAG laser welding device was used to join the titanium plates. The results showed that distortion increased stepwise after each welding point along the welding zone (one-side...

Neural network modelling has been applied to search for novel high strength steel weld metal compositions, potentially offering improved tolerance to variations in the weld thermal cycle. An experimental 7 wt% Ni manual metal arc electrode, formulated on these predictions, was used to produce all-weld metals and welds in high strength steel. Mechanical properties were correlated to weld metal m...

This paper describes a method for non-destructive evaluation of the quality of welds from 3D point data. The method uses a stereo camera system to capture high-resolution 3D images of deposited welds, which are then processed in order to extract key parameters of the welds. These parameters (the weld angle and the radius of the weld at the weld toe) can in turn be used to estimate the stress co...

Visual sensing technology is widely used in welding practices because visual devices are decreasing in price, increasing in reliability and improving in image processing hardware and software. As the most studied welding sensor, CCD(Charge Coupled Device) is more suitable for quality control of welding process than other means of sensing devices because it can obtain both two dimensional and th...

In December 2006, the Boiling Water Reactor Vessel and Internals Project (BWRVIP) issued a letter mandating two-sided coverage for the volumetric examination of BWR core shroud welds. In this letter, they noted that: “Ultrasonic flaw detection and sizing performance is degraded by stainless steel or nickel allow weld metal. The base metal examination volumes on both sides of the weld should be ...

Stable weld formation is still one of the goals pursued in variable-polarity plasma arc welding (VPPAW) of aluminium alloys. Basically, VPPAW is divided into three segments: the startup segment, during which the keyhole is generated, the main body segment, during which the keyhole is dynamically maintained, and the terminal segment, during which the keyhole collapses and the crater is ®lled. Ve...

Duplex stainless steel multi-pass welds were made at 0.15 MPa, 0.45 MPa, and 0.75 MPa pressure, simulating underwater dry hyperbaric welding by the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) method, with welds of normal pressure as a benchmark. The purpose of this work was to estimate the effect of ambient pressure on the microstructure, pitting corrosion resistance and impact toughness of the weld metal. T...