Dehydration secondary to gastroenteritis is one of the most common reasons for office visits and hospital admissions. The indicator most commonly used to estimate dehydration status is acute weight loss. Post-illness weight gain is considered as the gold-standard to determine the true level of dehydration and is widely used to estimate weight loss in research. To determine the value of post-ill...

AIMS A very low calorie diet improves the metabolic regulation of obesity related type 2 diabetes, but not for all patients, which leads to frustration in patients and professionals alike. The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model of diet-induced weight loss in type 2 diabetes. METHODS 192 patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI>27 kg/m2 from the outpatient diabetes clinic of the ...

BACKGROUND There are concerns about effects of lactation on postpartum weight changes among HIV-infected women because low weight may increase risks of HIV-related disease progression. METHODS This analysis of postpartum maternal weight change is based on a trial evaluating the effects of shortened breastfeeding on postpartum mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lusaka, Zambia, in which 958...

Few studies of associations between weight loss or weight fluctuations and mortality have been sufficiently long term to permit exclusion of early deaths for a portion of follow-up long enough to eliminate likely effects of illness-related weight loss. This study examined associations of the variation (standard deviation and standard deviation about the trend (slope)) and trend (weight loss or ...

To examine effects of body size change on postmenopausal breast cancer, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 990 cases and 1,006 controls participating in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project in 1996-1997. Women who had gained more than 15 kg (33 pounds) since age 20 years were at a 1.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11,...

BACKGROUND Replacement of caloric sweeteners with lower- or no-calorie alternatives may facilitate weight loss or weight maintenance by helping to reduce energy intake; however, past research examining low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and body weight has produced mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objective was to systematically review and quantitatively evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) an...

OBJECTIVE To study maternal risk factors associated with full term low birth weight (LBW) neonates. DESIGN Matched pair case control study. SETTING Multicenter study including 2 medical colleges and 1 civil hospital, between July 2009 to December 2009. PATIENTS Of 2382 neonates screened, 274 full term LBW babies (of 638) and 274 pair matched controls (of 1744) were included in the study. ...

BACKGROUND Obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Less well understood is the role of weight gain and weight change in determining risk. METHODS We analysed data from a population-based case-control study to evaluate the associations of body mass index (BMI), weight gain, and weight cycling with risk of endometrial cancer. Cases (n=740) under age 80 with a new diagnosis...

OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of a 12-week primary care-based intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), to facilitate a 5% reduction in baseline weight compared with an education-only active comparator (AC).  Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a primary health care setting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between December 2014 and June 2015. Arab participants with obesity, but who we...

BACKGROUND Specialist Lifestyle Management (SLiM) is a structured patient education and self-management group weight management programme. Each session is run monthly over a 6-month period providing a less intensive long-term approach. The groups are patient-centred incorporating educational, motivational, behavioural and cognitive elements. The theoretical background, programme structure and p...