Bas-reliefs are widely used in the world around us, for example, on coinage, for branding products, and for sculptural decoration. Reverse engineering of reliefs—extracting existing reliefs from input surfaces—makes it possible to apply them to new items; relief editing tools allow modification of reverseengineered reliefs. This paper presents a novel approach to relief extraction based on diff...

Pictorial space is the 3-D impression that one obtains when looking 'into' a 2-D picture. One is aware of 3-D 'opaque' objects. 'Pictorial reliefs' are the surfaces of such pictorial objects in 'pictorial space'. Photographs (or any pictures) do in no way fully specify physical scenes. Rather, any photograph is compatible with an infinite number of possible scenes that may be called 'metameric ...

Our primary aim, in this paper, is to propose and investigate, for the first time, the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique in assessing Iranian public universities. We provide an analysis on the importance of the stakeholder’s perspective on the structure of DEA and the variations of efficiency results. For illustrations, we perform efficiency analysis on a sample of public...

. We compiled a suite of 490 heat flow measurements from the Pacific Ocean in areas with less than 85 m of sediment. Heat flow patterns at different basement ages vary with topographic relief. Areas with reliefs < 300 meters are conductively blanketed at 40-60 m.y. and may stop convecting at 70-90 m.y. Areas with reliefs > 300 meters are conductively blanketed at70-90 m.y. and convect out to > ...

Taşkesen (Dashkasan), located in the Zanjan region Iran, 15 km from center of city Sultaniye, was built on rocky slope a hill overlooking Safid Mountain and plains below. The structure, which by carving into rock, has monumental appearance is quite ruined today. There are iwans niches with muqarnas side walls building, consists square courtyard rectangular section. In addition, east, west south...