Tim Hughes studied economics at the University of Auckland and has worked in policy roles at the Department of Corrections and the Ministry of Social Development. He is currently working in the sector investment team at the Ministry of Justice. A range of recent books have popularised many concepts from these fields and are leading an increasing number of people outside academia to revisit the ...

cognitive Engineering, a term invented to reflect the enterprise I find myself engaged in: neither Cognitive Psychology, nor Cognitive Science, nor Human Factors. It is a type of applied Cognitive Science, trying to apply what is known from science to the design and construction of machines. It is a surprising business. On the one hand, there actually is quite a lot known in Cognitive Science t...

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) have found favor in a variety of theoretical and applied contexts that span the hard and soft sciences. Given the utility and flexibility of the method, coupled with the broad appeal of FCM to a variety of scientific disciplines, FCM have been appropriated in many different ways and, depending on the academic discipline in which it has been applied, used to draw a ran...

the present study examined the effect of grouped meta-cognitive therapy on meta-cognitive beliefs of patients' suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. this research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group in which two groups of experiment and control are used. the present study population includes all state universities, islamic azad universities ...

The essence of the decision-making mechanism rational individuals in economics is to ensure balance between benefits and costs. benefit received from a decision expected be higher than its cost. It so cognitive activities. Any practice may require effort, expenses, time-use some extent. However, actors do not always all they can. A significant reason for using abilities adequately verbal, writt...

background and aim : )co-op( is a client-centered cognitive-based approach that focuses on individual abilities to achieve his/her functional goals. this approach is based on the assumption that cognition plays an important role in acquisition of functional skills, and is used to gain new skills and improve previous skills. the purpose of this paper is to systematically review studies on co-op ...

the effective and efficient understanding of the past, which is useful for present time, will transform the history into a dynamic science when it becomes an essential concern for historians. history, as a science, is the result of historian’s insights and perceptions; and philosophical hermeneutics with emphasizing on ontology of understanding and especially on importance of interpretation, ha...

The human brain is a superbly marvelous and extremely complicated neurophysiological structure for generating natural intelligence that transforms cognitive information into colorful behaviors. The brain is the most complex and interesting objects in nature that requires rigorous scientific investigations by multidisciplinary methodologies and via transdisciplinary approaches where only low-lev...