bedsore is a very important problem in bedridden patients. it affects patients’ lives and imposes substantial costs to society. its incidence approaches 38% and its annual prevalence is estimated to be 14.8% in patients who are admitted in hospitals. the national pressure ulcer advisory panel (npuap) and the european pressure ulcer advisory panel (epuap) define bedsore as “a localized injury to...

In recent years several detailed descriptions have been published of the morbid anatomical findings in malnourished children. Waterlow (1948) reported fatty liver disease from the West Indies and suggested that the children died from hepatic failure, while Hill (1951), working in the same area, described the condition of serous hepatosis. Davies in discussing kwashiorkor in Uganda (Trowell, Dav...

The cause of fluid retention in kwashiorkor is unknown. Of various possible factors, one of the few for which there is positive evidence is hypoproteinaemia (Trowell, 1944). Its importance in oedema formation in this condition has been questioned on the grounds that the level of serum protein or albumin in the individual case may fail to correlate with the degree of clinical oedema (Jelliffe, B...

Introduction An improved definition of the requirements for nitrogen and indispensable amino acids in human protein nutrition depends upon a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for, and nature of, the integration of protein and amino acid metabolism at the whole body level. Although the molecular and cellular events concerned with gene expression (e.g. 1, 2), the formation of tis...

The period of complementary feeding refers to the stage of life when foods and/or liquid milks are fed to infants and young children in addition to breast milk; non-breast-milk food items consumed at this time are defined as complementary foods. Complementary foods may be either prepared specially for the young child, both to meet age-related nutritional needs and to mitigate immaturity in chew...

Clinical material studied. During the past I 5 months, I 15 cases of liver disease have been investigated in this Department by Hill (1951) and Hill & Rhodes (1951). Ninety liver biopsies were performed on fifty-eight of the cases by the needle technique and, in addition, ten post-mortem specimens were examined. Though the majority of these patients looked chubby and well nourished, all had an ...

It was pointed out by Trowell, Davis, and Dean (1954) that, 'Nothing is known about the completeness of recovery from severe kwashiorkor', and this is to a large extent still true. An increase in the body weight is admittedly a sign of recovery, and indeed a very important criterion of it, but unless the final weight and height attained are also known it is impossible to say whether it has been...

There are few reports of alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of children suffering from kwashiorkor. The values quoted are somewhat conflicting: Waterlow (1948) found an average level of 19.7 .King-Armstrong units in eight cases of "fatty liver disease " in Jamaica, and Jaya-sekera, de Mel, and Cullumbine (1951) reported an average value of 15.8 units in 40 children with kwashiorkor inve...

Jornal de Pediatria. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. The authors, however , seem to have misinterpreted the results concerning the diagnosis of " malnutrition. " An accurate assessment would demonstrate that the weight-forage (W/A) parameter should overestimate the prevalence of " malnutrition "...

One of the major factors in the nitrogen metabolism of animals is the phenomenon of protein turnover i.e. the continual breakdown and synthesis of body protein, the resultant of which is protein deposition. The measurement of these processes has consequently attracted much interest although, for reasons of technique, attention has focused upon measurements of protein synthesis, protein breakdow...