Freezing of stem sections and entire twigs of hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) has been demonstrated to occur without increasing the resistance to the movement of water through the frozen part after rewarming. This was interpreted to mean that freezing did not produce cavitation in the xylem sap even though A) the sap was unquestionably frozen; B) it contained dissolved gases; and C) it was under ten...

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract The reactive uptake of carbonyl-containing volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) by aqueous atmospheric aerosols is a likely source of particulate organic material. The aqueo...

Anomalous liquid behavior is viewed as a result of an increase in surface tension in isolated capillaries. Using a derived prime equation for this change several phenomena are treated including the strength of liquid bridges between solids, the lowering of vapor pressure, increased solubility, and adsorption-desorption hysteresis. Using experimental data available on thestrengthofliquid bridges...

The physical basis and evidence in support of the cohesion-tension theory of the ascent of sap in plants are reviewed. The focus is on the recent discussion of challenges to the cohesion-tension mechanism based on measurements with the pressure probe. Limitations of pressure probes to measure tensions (negative pressures) in intact transpiring plants are critically assessed. The possible role o...

The spatial and groupwise distribution of surface tension in a fully hydrated 256 lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ~DPPC! bilayer is determined from a 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation by resolving the normal and lateral pressures in space through the introduction of a local virial. The resulting surface tension is separated into contributions from different types of interactions and pairw...

This paper presents results of the research under the program Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) for the Aral Sea basin (Subregion 24 of the GIWA program). These results show that the detemining factor for the region is freshwater shortage and the main issue is modification of stream flow. According to GIWA assessment estimations, freshwater shortage is responsible for about 70% of t...

One of the main reason of earth-dam breaks is inner erosion which is caused by washing fine soil particles and finally lead to seepage inside the dam. Seepage will decrease effective tension in the earth-dam's core and arching phenomena is occurred. More settlement of core than to shell is the consequence of arching and occurrence of cracking. In this paper, GeoStudio software based on finite e...

Nonionic surfactant-stabilised oil-in-water emulsions offer a potentially useful vehicle for transporting heavy crude oils from oilfields to refineries or distribution terminals. Prior to refining, separation of the oil from the emulsion is necessary. Previous studies have suggested that heating the emulsion is sufficient for destabilisation and recovery of the oil. The present work examines th...