We examine the ascent of volatile-rich basaltic magma through a vertical dike that intersects a horizontal tunnel of comparable cross-sectional area to the dike and located 300m below the surface and initially lled with air at atmospheric pressure. This process is a simpli ed representation of some aspects of the possible interaction of a basaltic ssure eruption with a man-made tunnel, as part ...

urban facilities are necessary components of cities. in all grown and developed cities of the world there are tremendous network of facilities such as water and electric ties, water sewage drainage, water piping and gas piping. that has not been installed in proper depth underground and locations and with growing of the cities and consumption of population. they need to be replaced by excavatin...

consumption of water at the King Edward VII. Hospital, Cardiff, was carefully noted at the time by the hospital authorities, who were prepared to give reasons for the increased consumption, but delayed communicating with the Press until the Corporation had considered the proposal to increase their contribution to the hospital. Now that that has been dealt with, it is only fair to the hospital t...

Arguments over the relative importance of increasing consumption ('quantity') versus improving water safety ('quality') have been taking place since at least the beginning of the first United Nations water decade (the 1980s). For those living distant from a water source, using only around 3‐4 litres per person per day, and often suffering from hygiene related disease, the logical priority is to...

At the commencement of this paper it was stated that the | Bara river crossed the Mahmaud tract obliquely towards the I north-east. In tlii3 course it flows about a mile to the south of the city, which, with cantonments, it will be remembered, occupies the north-eastern verge of that elevated tract. Its level at this part, however, is too low to admit of its water being drawn off for the use of...

This paper discusses some theories of constructivist learning and the relevance of software models with experiential learning. The applications of Empirical Modelling for two different kinds of teaching models are explored and compared against implementations using procedural languages. Using a series of models of a water supply system, the paper demonstrates the use of an Empirical Modelling a...