Isotope dilution analysis of the sub-microg l(-1) levels of selenite and selenate in natural water samples by microwave-induced nitrogen plasma mass spectrometry (MIP-MS) was performed. An appropriate amount of a spike solution containing 78Se-selenite and 78Se-selenate was added to the natural water sample to be analyzed. Both analytes in the water were then concentrated simultaneously by pass...

There is a worldwide and increasing shortage of potable fresh water. Modern water reclamation technologies can alleviate much of the problem by converting wastewater directly into drinking water, but there is public resistance to these approaches that has its basis largely in psychology. A psychological problem is encapsulated in the saying of those opposing recycled water: “toilet to tap.” We ...

Response surface methodology was used for quantitative investigation of water and solids transfer during osmotic dehydration of beetroot in aqueous solution of salt. Effects of temperature (25 – 45C), processing time (30–150 min), salt concentration (5–25%, w/w) and solution to sample ratio (5:1 – 25:1) on osmotic dehydration of beetroot were estimated. Quadratic regression equations describing...

This article describes two probability sampling approaches to sampling water resources. In the rst approach, a complete enumeration of eligible sample units (e.g. stream segments, water bodies, drainage basins) is performed using GIS or paper maps to create a list frame. A probability random sample is then selected from this frame. In the second approach, a two-stage sample is selected. In the ...

Drainage of water from the region between an advancing probe tip and a flat sample is reconsidered under the assumption that the tip and sample surfaces are both coated by a thin water "interphase" (of width approximately a few nanometers) whose viscosity is much higher than that of the bulk liquid. A formula derived by solving the Navier-Stokes equations allows one to extract an interphase vis...

Focused open-vessel microwave-assisted extraction (FOV-MAE), closed-vessel microwave-assisted extraction (CV-MAE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were used for extraction before determination of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, toxaphene, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, and dieldrin) in cod liver and fish fillets. Wet samples were extract...

Background: Measurement of back ground concentration of uranium in drinking water is very important for many reasons, specially, for human health. The uranium concentration in drinking water in many counties is a matter of concern for clinical and radioactive poisoning. Materials and Methods: The uranium concentration in drinking water is determined using laser flourimatric uranium analyzer. Fo...

A method has been developed to determine the presence of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of animals (including humans) by utilizing commercial immunochemical kits that can be used in the field. Urine is treated with diatomaceous earth and filtered to clarify the sample; 2-3 ppb aflatoxin B1, corresponding to about 300 ppb in the ingested feed/food, can be detected in the filtered urine without furthe...

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 10 kDa), and NaCl were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Microcalorimetry experiments were performed using a MicorCal ITC-VP at the University of Albany Proteomics Facility in Rensselaer, NY. SDBS was added to de-ionized distilled water, and placed into the injection syringe of the microcalorimeter, and added to the sample cell c...