For the retrieval of chlorophyll concentrations or the total absorption coefficients of oceanic waters based on water color, there are algorithms that use either band ratios or spectral curvatures of remote-sensing reflectance or water leaving radiance. We show that band-ratio algorithms have the potential to be applied to a wider dynamic range of oceanic waters, whereas spectral-curvature algo...

We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphological feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these points, while some falls provided water power during early industrialization. These factors attracte...

We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphologic feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these points, while some falls provided water power during early industrialization. These factors attracted ...

After the discovery of whale fall communities in modern oceans, it has been hypothesized that during the Mesozoic the carcasses of marine reptiles created similar habitats supporting long-lived and specialized animal communities. Here, we report a fully documented ichthyosaur fall community, from a Late Jurassic shelf setting, and reconstruct the ecological succession of its micro- and macrofau...

1. The first indication of the phenomenon.-When we consider a fluid mass in equilibrium, for example, some water in a glass, all the parts of the mass appear completely motionless to us. If we put into it an object of greater density it falls and, if it is spherical, it falls exactly vertically. The fall, it is true, is the slower the smaller the object; but, so long as it is visible, it falls ...

To curtail data centers’ huge cooling power consumption and water demand (for cooling), air-side economizer has been increasingly adopted to cool down servers. Recently, another sustainability practice, rainwater harvesting, has also seen a growing adoption in data centers, potentially leading to water self-sufficiency without connecting to water utilities to supply cooling water. Nonetheless, ...

background: prevention of slipping accidents requires provision of adequate friction through the use of suitable combinations of footwear and underfoot surfaces. shoe sole tread groove is one of the important factors on friction coefficient during walking. objective: to measure the effect of different shoe sole tread groove depths and different surfaces on the required quotient of friction (q),...

Terrain viewshed analysis based on the digital elevation model (DEM) is of significant application value. A lot algorithms have been proposed, including R3 as accurate one and others efficient ones. The algorithm because its comprehensive but time-consuming computation, while are due to proper approximation. However, no capable taking advantage both until which a ‘proximity-direction-elevation’...

background: external causes of death are still among the main causes of death in the countries of the former soviet :union:. we studied epidemiology of injuries among elderly in a typical kazakhstani city. methods: data on all injuries among individuals aged 60 yr or older in the city of semey (former semipalatinsk) from 2010 to 2012 was collected from medical files. we present absolute numbers...