Ships transport about 80 percent of world trade and transfer approximately three to five billion tons of ballast water internationally every year. Due to the likely presence of pollutants, the ballast water discharged by ships can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted on 10 ships that entered the Bushehr port to determine the effectiveness of the ballast water ex...

Effective and efficient irrigation practices are critical to successful rice production and to the sustainability of rice production. To better understand how to address the issue of water management in rice we initially installed water flow meters on two studies that were designed to evaluate disease incidence using fertility, variety/hybrid, and water management as treatment variables. One st...

Household water consumption is a part of the human related water cycle that can get into the core of water resources management. Analysis of water consumption data can reveal great potentials of individualized water services planning. Data mining is the process of identifying and extracting potentially useful information from data sets. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) is a data mining technique tha...

a 15-year-old boy living in lesotho has about a 10% chance of reaching the age of 60 years, whereas a 15-year-old swede has a 91% chance. sir Michael Marmot often uses this example when discussing the work of the WhO commission on the social Determinants of health which began its work in 2005 and is due to submit its final report in 2008. One does not need to go to foreign countries to get a se...

Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (NSSH) Clupea harengus L. spawn on coastal banks along the west coast of Norway. The larvae are generally transported northward in the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) with many individuals utilizing nursery grounds in the Barents Sea. The recruitment to this stock is highly variable with a few years having exceptionally good recruitment. The principal causes of...

all aquatic organisms are directly or indirectly affected by the physical characteristics of their environment, especially the chemical composition of the water. the high concentration levels, damage tissues and interfere with the normal growth and proliferation. the aim of this research was to investigation acute toxicity of znso4 and cucl2 to gambusia holbrooki by static bioassays at differen...

During recent years there has been developing among geochemists ancl among students of physiology and medi cine, an increasing interest in trace elements and the roles they play in biological systems. In a recent National Academy of Science publication on "Geochem istry and the Environment", several distinguished scholars addressed themselves to the "Relation of Selected Trace Elements to Healt...

Protected areas including national/state parks and recreational waters are excellent natural resources that promote physical activity and interaction with Nature, which can relieve stress and reduce disease risk. Despite their importance, however, their contribution to human health has not been properly quantified. This paper seeks to evaluate quantitatively how national/state parks and recreat...