system evaluations were performed on 48 center pivots in different parts of saudi arabia. these systems, located on different farms in four different regions of the country, namely: riyadh, jouf, qassim and eastern regions, were evaluated to study the effect of lateral configuration on water application uniformity as regards the original vs. modified laterals. lateral configuration modification...

The increased release of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions associated with human activities causing climate change is one of the most significant problems faced by human-kind. Water distribution systems (WDS), whilst providing an essential service to society, are responsible for the generation of significant amounts of GHGs. In response, the minimization of GHG emissions associated with WDSs has b...

background the non-revenue water refers to a difference between the volume of water entering the system and billed authorized consumption. objectives the main purpose of this study is to determine the volume of non-revenue water in order to recognize the factors influencing water losses so that the information gathered can used in non-revenue water reduction management. materials and methods ka...

introduction: designing and management of sprinkler irrigation systems depend on the situation and location of its implementation and often rely on professional and long-term tests (9). having a good irrigation system depends on knowledge of the relationship between soil, water, plants, irrigation scheduling, the required amount of irrigation water to the water-holding capacity of soil, climate...

The impact of climate change, water scarcity, land use change, population growth and also population shrinking can only be predicted with uncertainties. Especially for assets with a long planning horizon this is a critical part for planning and design. One solution is to make centralized organized water infrastructure with a long-planning horizon resilient and adaptive. For existing centralized...

evaluating the performance of irrigation systems by providing the possibility of increasing irrigation efficiency in those systems is an important factor in the field of water resources management. in this study, the performance of three systems were evaluated, including linear move sprinkler irrigation systems in maize, sugar beet and alfalfa fields of magsal agro-industrial company which is l...

Water systems often allow efficient water uses via water reuse and/or recirculation. Defining the network layout connecting water-using processes is a complex problem which involves several criteria to optimize, frequently accomplished using Water Pinch technology, optimizing freshwater flowrates entering the system. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization model considering two criteria is...