We assess the water balance of the Brazilian Cerrado based on remotely sensed estimates of precipitation (TRMM), evapotranspiration (MOD16), and terrestrial water storage (GRACE) for the period from 2003 to 2010. Uncertainties for each remotely sensed data set were computed, the budget closure was evaluated using measured discharge data for the three largest river basins in the Cerrado, and the...

An uncertainty budget was constructed for the measurement of ethanol in blood by headspace gas chromatography. The uncertainty budget, covering the analytical range of ethanol concentrations up to 3.00 g/kg, included analytical uncertainty components, traceability uncertainty components, and effects caused by interindividual variation in blood water content. The analytical combined standard unc...

The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory has become a fundamental tool in modeling the metabolic behaviour of organisms. Its capacity to describe the biological aspect of life alone justifies its applicability in Artificial Life. Aware of this potential, the DEB research group in Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) in Lisbon has joined the videogame company Biodroid Entertainment in the Life Engine ...

ment, TR-21 was generally recognized to be applicable to areas receiving low intensity rainfall, and to soils that Effective rainfall (ER) is the portion of total rainfall that plants have high infiltration rates (Dastane, 1974). The data use to help meet their consumptive water requirements, and is an important component of water resource budgeting for irrigation. The used to develop the ER eq...

In Mediterranean environments, evaporation is a key component of lake water budgets. This applies to Lake Baratz in Sardinia, Italy, a closed lake that almost dried up in 2008 after a succession of years with low seasonal rainfall. We used the energy budget method and Penman’s equation to estimate evaporation over Lake Baratz. We measured, using a raft station, water temperature at the surface,...

[1] The goal of this paper is to investigate the added value of water isotopic measurements to estimate the relative influence of large‐scale dynamics, convection, and land surface recycling on the Sahelian water budget. To this aim, we use isotope data in the lower tropospheric water vapor measured by the SCIAMACHY and TES satellite instruments and in situ precipitation data from the Global Ne...

Quantifying Ra inputs to the coastal ocean is an important constraint for using Ra isotopes as a tracer of nearshore mixing in the water column. A study of the short-lived Ra (Ra, Ra) inputs from the seafloor and shoreline to the surface water of San Pedro Bay is presented. The Ra flux is a function of the seawater flux through sediments. Three different water exchange mechanisms were examined....

In this paper, the sustainability of public debt is interpreted as the result of the interaction of fiscal policy with the economic environment, and not as a statistical concept as in most of the recent literature. If debt must not explode over time, policy makers have to respond to the changing conditions in the macroeconomic environment. This paper defines the conditions which will ensure com...