A series of di-, tri- and tetravalent axles and wheels for the synthesis of pseudorotaxanes bearing the tetralactam macrocycle/diamide axle binding motif was prepared. Starting from iodinated monovalent precursors, Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions were utilized to couple the binding sites to appropriate spacer groups. Through this "Lego" or "toolbox" approach, the convergent synthesis of ho...

We report the stepwise assembly of supramolecular daisy chain rotaxanes (DCR) made of double-stranded DNA: Small dsDNA macrocycles bearing an axle assemble into a pseudo-DCR precursor that was connected to rigid DNA stoppers to form DCR with the macrocycles hybridized to the axles. In presence of release oligodeoxynucleotides (rODNs), the macrocycles are released from their respective hybridiza...

Backing-up of articulated vehicles poses a difficult challenge even for experienced drivers. While long wheelbase dual-axle trailers provide a benefit of increased capacity over their single-axle counterparts, backing-up of such systems is especially difficult. We propose a control strategy for such systems, introducing concepts of the hitch control space and noslip curve derived from no-slip k...

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Highway Planning requires states to furnish vehicle classification data as part of the Highway Performance Monitoring Systems (HPMS). To comply with this requirement, most states use the “F-Scheme” to classify vehicles. This scheme classifies vehicles in 13 classes depending on a number of factors, primarily the number of axles and the axle sp...

The article considers and calculates the brake system of a two-axle service diesel motor car, consisting two subsystems acting separately on axles provided that each axle is served by one cylinder 501b. A calculation was made in order to evaluate effectiveness friction tread car model AS-01uz.

Rotaxane-structure-specific Pd-catalyzed rearrangement of propargyl or allyl urethane groups to oxazolidinone moieties proceeded efficiently. The conversion took place successively by the translation of the wheel along the axle, thus providing a novel macrocyclic catalytic system.

This communication reports a novel sandwich-like rotaxane shuttle, which exhibits a unique mode of potential-controlled behaviour. Two dynamic processes occur simultaneously - conformational "unfolding" of the DADA stack accompanies translocation of the ring over the rotaxane's axle.

The potential for lightweighting of railway axles was investigated to primarily reduce the unsprung mass a rail vehicle. reduction equates an overall lighter train which will help track damage, energy consumption and total operating costs. This work performed within NEXTGEAR project is ascribed under Shift2Rail program. paper focusses on design composite axle as part “Wheelset future” Work Pack...

This paper provides a hierarchical control strategy for cooperative braking system of an electric vehicle with separated driven axles. Two layers are defined: the top layer is used to optimize the braking stability based on two sliding mode control strategies, namely, the interaxle control mode and signal-axle control strategies; the interaxle control strategy generates the ideal braking force ...