A greener method based on cloud point extraction was developed for removing phenol species including 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water samples by using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The non-ionic surfactant DC193C was chosen as an extraction solvent due to its low water content in a surfactant rich phase and it is well-know...

Transfer energetics from pure water to a urea-water mixture is examined for a set of amino acid analog solutes by using molecular dynamics simulation and free-energy calculation. The free energy of transfer from pure-water solvent to 8 M urea-water mixed solvent is calculated for each solute, and the urea-water mixture is shown to be a more favorable solvent than pure water. The correlation of ...

recently, subcritical water extraction (swe) has been well known as a green technology for extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. in this study, subcritical water extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction (uae) and shaker solvent extraction (sse) were compared for extraction of phenolic compounds from fig (ficuscarica) pulp and skin. antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated u...

We investigated solvent induced transition of surface instability from wrinkles to creases in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) gels with depth-wise crosslinking gradients. The mode of surface instability and morphology of surface patterns was found to be dependent on the equilibrium linear expansion, which was a function of crosslinker concentration and the solvent–polymer interaction....

This research focuses on the effects of water in a solvent on a synthetic process of a Grignard reagent which is common in organic synthesis and triggered an accident in Japan. For the measurement, a hermetically sealed apparatus was prepared to fit a small-scaled reaction calorimeter. The experimental results revealed that the induction period appeared as the water content in the solvent incre...

Chapter abstract: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is presented in this chapter as a potent and novel alternative to conventional solvent extraction processes for isolating bioactive components from algae. SWE is defined as the extraction with water at temperatures ranging from the boiling point to the critical point and at pressures high enough to keep the water in the liquid state throughou...

dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (dllme) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (gc–ms) was used for the extraction and determination of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in mineral water samples. in this procedure, the suitable combination of extraction solvent (500 µl chloroform) and disperser solvent (1000 µl acetone) were quickly injected into the water sample (...

Spectral scanning was used to provide estimates of the leakage of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin (p-hydroxy-[S]-mandelonitrile-beta-d-glucoside), and its metabolite, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB), from young light-grown shoots of Atlas sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) when these shoots were immersed in water, toluene, chloroform or mixtures of water and toluene or water and chloroform. M...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C6H6N2O)3(H2O)]·2.5H2O, comprises one CoII cation, three isonicotinamide ligands, two thio-cyanate anions, one aqua ligand and two water solvent mol-ecules in general positions, as well as one water solvent mol-ecule that is located on a twofold rotation axis. The CoII cations are octa-hedrally coordinated by two terminally N-bonded thio-cyan...

BACKGROUND Blood-tissue partition coefficients indicate how a chemical will distribute throughout the body and are an important part of any pharmacokinetic study. They can be used to assess potential toxicological effects from exposure to chemicals and the efficacy of potential novel drugs designed to target certain organs or the central nervous system. In vivo measurement of blood-tissue parti...