PURPOSE To determine occupational exposure of the anesthesiologist and surgeon to nitrous oxide and desflurane during general anesthesia for ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery in children and adults. METHODS An observational clinical trial was performed in ten children (C) and ten adults (A). Tracheas were intubated, in adults, with cuffed tubes and in children with uncuffed tubes. The operating r...

OBJECTIVE The study is aimed to develop and assess the quality of an evaluation form used to evaluate the nurse anesthetic trainees' skills in undertaking a pre-use check of an anesthetic machine. MATERIAL AND METHOD An evaluation form comprising 25 items was developed, informed by the guidelines published by national anesthesiologist societies and refined to reflect the anesthetic machine us...

In this work, the geochemistry of the rare earth elements (REE) was studied in eleven outcrop samples and six, depth-interval samples of a core from the Marcellus Shale. The REE are classically applied analytes for investigating depositional environments and inferring geochemical processes, making them of interest as potential, naturally occurring indicators of fluid sources as well as indicato...

The aim of this consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) is to compare district heating based on waste incineration with combustion of biomass or natural gas. The study comprises two options for energy recovery (combined heat and power (CHP) or heat only), two alternatives for external, marginal electricity generation (fossil lean or intense), and two alternatives for the alternative waste man...

This research studied recycled waste by the Recyclable Material Bank Project of 4 universities in the central region of Thailand for the evaluation of reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared with landfilling activity during July 2012 to June 2013. The results showed that the projects collected total amount of recyclable wastes of about 911,984.80 kilograms. Office paper had the largest amoun...

Thermal technologies for the treatment of waste are once again attracting interest, particularly in Europe and North Amerca, as landfill space becomes scarcer and landfill regulations become more stringent. Plasma technologies can be used to destroy waste at high temperatures, using electricity to convert waste into a fuel gas and an inert rock. The Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System’s (PAWDS)...

This study presents the results of a dioxin abatement programme undertaken in the municipal waste incineration plant of Montcada i Reixac (Barcelona, Spain) after the replacement of an obsolete air cleaning device by a new flue gas treatment system. A number of sampling campaigns were conducted with the aim of characterising stack gas emission levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)...

Dr. Ghosh has presented a novel technique for the con­ version of Municipal Waste (MSW) to methane rich gas. Prior work has either permitted fermentation to proceed naturally (landfill gas extraction) or used conventional stirred reactors (DOE Ref COM facility). Proposed is to recycle leachate through a mass of solid waste to achieve volatile acids and then to convert the acids to methane in a ...

BACKGROUND Preparation of anesthetic machines for use with malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) patients requires that the machines be flushed with clean fresh gas. We investigated the washout of inhalational anesthetics from the KION anesthetic machine. METHODS In part 1, halothane was circulated through KION anesthetic machines for either 2 or 12 h using a test lung. The times to washou...

Of the 12 billion tons of waste generated annually in the United States; less than 10% is defined as hazardous under the provisions of RCRA. This paper summarizes the data available on some of the wastes that are defined as non-hazardous. These wastes include industrial non-hazardous waste, and several types of wastes that are currently exempted from hazardous waste regulations, such as oil and...