BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is characterized by vaginal/vulvar dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, or dysuria. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a very low-dose estradiol vaginal cream (0.003%) applied twice per week in postmenopausal women with VVA-related vaginal dryness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-con...

Fungal community composition often shifts in response to warmer temperatures, which might influence decomposition of recalcitrant carbon (C). We hypothesized that evolutionary trade-offs would enable recalcitrant C-using taxa to respond more positively to warming than would labile C-using taxa. Accordingly, we performed a warming experiment in an Alaskan boreal forest and examined changes in th...

The effect of warming on adrenergic neurotransmission was examined in canine cutaneous veins. Isometric tension was recorded from rings of saphenous veins of the dog in organ chambers filled with physiological salt solution. During contractions caused by potassium or prostaglandin F2 alpha, warming from 37 to 41 degrees C caused an augmentation. During contractions caused by stimulation of the ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether exposure to tetrachloroethylene during the first trimester of pregnancy has harmful effects on pregnancy outcome. DESIGN The study used record linkage identification of cases and case-control comparison. SETTING The study involved dry cleaner and laundry workers throughout Finland who had become pregnant during the study period. ...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to investigate the changes in spontaneous electrical activities (SEAs) and in acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) levels after dry needling at myofascial trigger spots in model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Thirty-six rats were assigned to th...

The appearance of «dry» trees in rubber plantations and the development of Tapping Panel Dryness has been the subject of a considerable number of studies. The original causes of the disease have yet to be identified. Genetic factors at molecular level in the latex producing tissues determine susceptibility to tapping panel dryness. An experimental approach involves two-dimensional electrophores...

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) plays an important role in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition and regulates plant responded to climate warming. We conducted a field experiment in a natural forest and a plantation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau to estimate the warming effects of open-top chambers (OTC) on ECM and N nutrition of Picea asperata seedlings. Four-year warming significantly decreased ECM colonization,...