Economists usually assume positively sloped labour supply curves with reservation wages different from zero. In contrast to this view a considerable amount of labour is offered without monetary compensation in return throughout the economy. Neighbourly help or other unpaid help for friends are good examples for the social phenomenon that people donate time and effort in the absence of monetary ...

(1) Voluntary HRA participants are more likely to be women, enrolled in consumer-driven health plans, and have fewer chronic conditions. (2) Employees who participate in HRAs experience increased utilization and spending n health services (office visits and prescription drugs) relative to those not offered an HRA through their health plan. (3) Though HRAs have been show to increase use of medic...

BACKGROUND A health surveillance programme, to assess fitness to drive, was initiated for voluntary drivers in an NHS Trust because of reports of increasing frailty and slow reactions among some drivers. After discussion between the occupational health department, voluntary services manager and personnel department it was considered appropriate to apply Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (D...

Background: The voluntary sector has long been recognised as making an important contribution to individual and community health. In the UK, however, the links between primary health care services and the voluntary and community sector are often underdeveloped. Social prescribing is an innovative approach, which aims to promote the use of the voluntary sector within primary health care. Social ...

of relevant research to establish best practice, hopefully arising as much from within the NHS as the academic sector, through its reconfigured R&D programme including the new Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network (DeNDRoN). • The fifth consequence would be the emergence of an evidence base that could properly inform the commissioning process and better define the roles of pr...

Evidence indicates that detention of people who use drugs in compulsory centers in the name of treatment is common in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The expansion of such practices has been costly, has not generated positive health outcomes, and has not reduced supply or demand for illicit drugs. United Nations agencies have convened ...

subject was tackled, it was evident that support by gratuitous contributions and work by an unpaid staff did not define a voluntary hospital, for there are many which are supported by funds which are in the nature of payment for services rendered, and some by funds gotten by mass contributions, which are payments for services to be rendered. Also there are many hospitals where the honorary staf...

Recently, the number of voluntary communities such as local communities and university club activities are increasing. In these communities, since there are various types of members and there are no binding forces, it is usually difficult to maintain and improve member's motivation. To maintain and improve member's motivation, most of these communities use social networking services (SNSs). How...

BACKGROUND The notion 'hard to reach' is a contested and ambiguous term that is commonly used within the spheres of social care and health, especially in discourse around health and social inequalities. There is a need to address health inequalities and to engage in services the marginalized and socially excluded sectors of society. METHODS This paper describes a pilot study involving intervi...