Volcanic activity can occur with little or no warning. Increasing numbers of space borne assets can enable coordinated measurements of volcanic events to enhance both scientific study and hazard response. We describe the use of space and ground measurements to target further measurements as part of a worldwide volcano monitoring system. We utilize a number of alert systems including the MODVOLC...

The Volcanic Island Clastic Apron Project (VICAP) entails a case history study of a coupled system, "oceanic island volcaniclastic apron". The source area has a long-term record of chemically distinct rocks/deposits with physically datable mineral phases, so that the submarine and subaerial growth and destruction is reflected in sufficient detail in the volcaniclastic apron. The seamount/island...

The 18-km-diameter El’gygytgyn crater is located on the Chukotka peninsula, northeastern Russia. It represents the only currently known impact structure formed in siliceous volcanics, including tuffs. The impact melt rocks and target rocks provide an excellent opportunity to study shock metamorphism of volcanic rocks. The shockinduced changes observed in porphyritic volcanic rocks from El’gygyt...

Volcanologists make hazard forecasts in order to contribute to volcanic risk assessments and decision-making, in areas where volcanic phenomena have the potential to impact societal assets. Present-day forecasts related to the potential occurrence of an eruption mostly take the form of alert levels, that are established by volcano scientists with the aim of communicating the state of a volcano ...

Optical depth records indicate that volcanic aerosols from major eruptions often produce clouds that have greater surface area than typical Arctic polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). A trajectory cloud-chemistry model is used to study how volcanic aerosols could affect springtime Arctic ozone loss processes, such as chlorine activation and denitrification, in a cold winter within the current ran...

[1] Sulfate aerosols resulting from strong volcanic explosions last for 2–3 years in the lower stratosphere. Therefore it was traditionally believed that volcanic impacts produce mainly short-term, transient climate perturbations. However, the ocean integrates volcanic radiative cooling and responds over a wide range of time scales. The associated processes, especially ocean heat uptake, play a...

Mapping of volcanic activities or events during eruptions such as lava flow, pyroclastic flow, mudflow and etc. at real time basis is very important to monitor and predict movement of these events, and prevent calamity. These events are usually dynamic and occur in short time duration. In this study, a real time volcanic activity mapping system, using single ground fixed digital camera, is deve...

Abstraet--Smectite and fine-grained quartz were separated from 6 volcanic ash samples collected in Japan from Shinmoe-dake Volcano, southern Kyushu, and Mt. Usu Volcano, southern Hokkaido. Oxygen isotope ratios of smectite in the volcanic ash range from +6,9 to + 12.9 per mill (%o), which are comparable to the values of smectite (~lsO = +6.5 and +9.4%0) from currently active geothermal fields. ...