Endogenous opioids generate analgesic signals in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). However, because cell types in the PAG are difficult to identify, its neuronal mechanism has remained poorly understood. To address this issue, we characterized PAG neurons by their electrical properties using differentially labeled GABAergic and output neurons in the PAG. We found that GABAergic neurons were mostly...

Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) are trophoblastic proteins belonging to the Aspartic proteinase family secreted by different placental cells of many mammalian species. They play a pivotal role in placentogenesis, foetomaternal unit remodeling, and implantation. The identification of the genes encoding those proteins will be helpful to unravel the intricate embryogenomic functions duri...

Two pools of phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) were separated from pig and rat renal mitochondria. The partition of enzyme activity corresponded with that of the immunoreactivity and also with the postembedding immunogold labeling of PAG, which was associated partly with the inner membrane and partly with the matrix. The outer membrane was not labeled. PAG in intact mitochondria showed enzy...

PAG, the phosphoprotein associated with GEMs (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein that negatively regulates Src-family kinases via the phosphotyrosine-dependent recruitment of Csk to the GEMs. Csk is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates the C-terminal inhibitory tyrosine of Src kinases. Upon TCR engagement, PAG ...

  Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is most commonly found among children under the age of 10 in some provinces of Iran including Ardabil. As such, this study set out to determine the relationship between some climatic factors and the prevalence of VL in Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods In this descriptive-analytic study, data collection was done on some climatic factors including ...

This research studies the influence of using SiO2 nano-particles 50nm in a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS), along with Poly-alkylene Glycol (PAG) oil and R-134a mixed to create nano-refrigerant. The methodology used this work, were performed three different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) 200ml PAG oil. A VCR system was built at mechanical engineering department laboratory Al-Qa...

Our previous studies showed that activation of somatic afferents attenuated the baroreceptor reflex via NK 1 and GABA A receptors within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) can also depress baroreceptor reflex function and project to the NTS. In the present study, we have tested the possibility that the dorsolateral (dl) PAG projects to the NTS neurons ...