This paper presents a syntactic approach based on Adjacency Grammars (AG) for sketch diagram modeling and understanding. Diagrams are a combination of graphical symbols arranged according to a set of spatial rules defined by a visual language. AG describe visual shapes by productions defined in terms of terminal and non-terminal symbols (graphical primitives and subshapes), and a set functions ...

In modern object oriented visual information systems the internal state of the entire system consists of the internal states of many objects in diierent services, probably distributed over a heterogeneous network of computers. Man machine interaction in such an application is based on the visualization of states on one hand and the modiication of states on the other hand. A solution for this pr...

There is a high degree of flexibility in letter-position coding during visual word recognition and reading (e.g., “JUGDE” can be easily confounded with “JUDGE”). One leading account explaining this phenomenon is based on the presence of perceptual noise in the information used for locating the positions of objects—namely, letters— across space (overlap model: Gómez, Ratcliff, & Perea, 2008; Bay...

Graphic symbols are commonly used across countries in order to support individuals with communicative deficiency. The literature review revealed the absence of such a system for Turkish socio-cultural context. In this study, the aim was to develop a symbol system appropriate for the Turkish socio-cultural context. The process began with studies designed to delineate the scope of the proposed sy...

Instead of traditional mathematical notation, we can describe formal mathematical systems in visual form. While traditional notation uses a linear sequence of symbols, visual mathematics uses boundary notation, which is comprised of objects and boundaries to enclose objects. Boundary notation is abstract, decoupling the underlying mathematics of a system from its visual representation. Once a s...

Based on data analysis, this study measured the level of perception Ghanaians and Chinese cultural symbols. The objective was to investigate possible differences misconception in visual comprehension between Chinese. One hundred symbols, fifty from Ghana China used administer questions a survey total Ghanaian subjects. By employing digital technology such as collection analysis most typical lea...

Current music score watermarking techniques either lack in robustness or in capacity: While embedding data into staff lines guarantees a certain payload, modulation of the staff lines’ thickness can be attacked using image processing techniques. Changing properties of musical symbols is more robust. But, the number of musical symbols limits the payload. Therefore, we propose the following metho...

UNLABELLED This study teased apart the effects of comprehensibility and complexity on older adults' comprehension of warning symbols by manipulating the relevance of additional information in further refining the meaning of the symbol. Symbols were systematically altered such that increased visual complexity (in the form of contextual cues) resulted in increased comprehensibility. One hundred o...