While it is generally believed that interactions across long distances in the visual field occur only in the higher-order cortical areas, other results suggest that such interactions are processed very early. In the preceding paper, we identified the latencies within a subset of cortical areas in the human visual system. In the present study, we test in which areas and at which latencies the re...

To correctly interpret the results of functional neuroimaging studies in stroke, it is essential to understand how cerebrovascular disease influences hemodynamic response during neural activation. To investigate the effect of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease on the pattern of cerebral blood flow (CBF) response during visual stimulation, we used positron emission tomography to stu...

PURPOSE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modify the perception threshold of phosphenes elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The current study was undertaken to examine whether tDCS, when applied over the occipital cortex, is also able to affect visual-evoked potentials (VEPs), which characterize occipital activation in response to visual stimulati...

The retino-colliculo-cerebellar and visual cortical-cerebellar pathways were reexamined by means of latency measurement of evoked potentials on 50 immobilized cats. I. The vermian cerebellar response to optic nerve stimulation was a large positive wave sometimes superimposed by small waves in the decay phase. The positive wave was considered to originate from the mossy fiber system, based on th...

This study examined the effects of visual cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on visual processing and learning. Participants performed a contrast detection task on two consecutive days. Each session consisted of a baseline measurement followed by measurements made during active or sham stimulation. On the first day, one group received anodal stimulation to primary visual cort...

Patterned neural activity during development is critical for proper wiring of sensory circuits. Previous work demonstrated that exposing freely swimming Xenopus tadpoles to 4 h of enhanced visual stimulation accelerates the dendritic growth rate of optic tectal neurons in vivo. Here we test whether this same period of visual stimulation increased synaptic maturation and formation of new synapse...