The present work was conducted to compare the occurrence of Escherichia coli possessing virulence and ESBL genes in backyard and farmed poultry. Three hundred and sixty samples from the poultry kept in backyard system and 120 samples from the farmed birds were collected from West Bengal, India. Among the E. coli isolates of backyard poultry (O2, O10, O25, O55, O60, O106, UT), none of them posse...

abstract background and aims: newcastle disease (nd) is a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and the pathogenicity of newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains varies with different virulence. we aim to detect lentogenic (low virulence) nd virus (nd/ir 2010) using sentinel birds and molecular detectio...

The maintenance of an intimate interaction between plant-biotrophic fungi and their hosts over evolutionary times involves strong selection and adaptative evolution of virulence-related genes. The highly specialised maize pathogen Ustilago maydis is assigned with a high evolutionary capability to overcome host resistances due to its high rates of sexual recombination, large population sizes and...

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) causes wheat stripe rust (also called yellow rust, Yr), one of the most important diseases worldwide. Characterization virulence in Pst populations is essential for developing cultivars with effective and durable resistance to control disease. A total 138 races, including 120 races that were not previously reported, identified from collections made Cana...

The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, comprising a two-component system and the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, plays pivotal role in eukaryotic organisms. Previous studies suggested that biological functions of some key genes HOG pathway varied filamentous fungi. In this study, we characterized putative MAPK gene, Ssos4, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which encoded phosp...

capsules from a range of pathogenic bacteria are the key determinants of virulency. the capsule hasbeen implicated in virulence of pasteurella multocida. in this study a type-specific polymerase chain reaction(pcr) assay was used for capsular typing of 39 avian p. multocida isolates from iran. the pcr amplified afragment of 1044 bp from all of tested isolates. it was found that all avian p. mul...

Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is mostly a cause of septicaemia, pneumonia and urinary tract infections following hospitalization of patients with more severe illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and detection of the most prevalent virulence genes in A. baumannii isolated from hospital infections of two largest hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Materials and ...

Forty Escherichia coli strains isolated primarily from neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections and feces were screened for the presence of virulence genes with a newly developed microarray on the array tube format. A total of 32 gene probes specific for extraintestinal as well as intestinal E. coli pathotypes were included. Eighty-eight percent of the analyzed strains were positive for th...

Background and aims: Salmonella spp. infect cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals and maycause a worldwide zoonotic disease, salmonellosis, in infected animals. Rodents can be Salmonellacarriers without any signs of salmonellosis. The frequency of salmonella contamination, the presence ofvirulence genes (SpvR and SpvB) and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Salmonella w...