this article considers the many developments in technology and practice that are making libraries more connected and interdependent. it looks at new integrated online services and reviews the increasing importance of both formal and informal standards. global centralized web services are discussed. the relationships between information industry companies and libraries are considered. virtual re...

cloud computing is the latest technology that involves distributed computation over the internet. it meets the needs of users through sharing resources and using virtual technology. the workflow user applications refer to a set of tasks to be processed within the cloud environment. scheduling algorithms have a lot to do with the efficiency of cloud computing environments through selection of su...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in iran. the method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. the statistical population was the educational content of electronic courses in state-virtual universities such as university of science and technology, and shiraz university. da...

PC graphics technology, primarily driven by the video gaming industry, is becoming a possibility for the development of advanced virtual reality environments. The graphics and computational power required for virtual environments has been previously available exclusively on highend computing systems. Clustering multiple PCs to develop multi-processor multi-graphics systems capable of running an...

Educational institutions are increasingly exploring the affordances of 3D virtual worlds for instruction and research, but few studies have been done to document current practices and uses of this emerging technology. This observational survey examines the virtual presences of 170 accredited educational institutions found in one such 3D virtual world called Second Life®, created by SanFrancisco...

Background and Objective: The emergence of COVID-19 and its prevalence in the global community had various economic, social, emotional, psychological, and educational impacts. The closure of schools and universities in the country because of the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the emergence of e-Learning in education at all levels. Given the importance of virtual education during the pandemic a...

With the progress of technology, virtual reality technology plays a key role in many domains and has great potential and applied prospects. Virtual campus is the reappearance of a real campus’s scene by applying virtual reality technology. This technology is aimed to the construction and propaganda of campus. But in the course of construction of the three-dimensional virtual campus scene, owing...

This paper describes preliminary work in the use of a virtual environment to derive just noticeable differences (JNDs) for force. Specifically, we look for thresholds of force sensitivity so that we may ultimately construct therapeutic force feedback distortions that stay below these thresholds. Initially, we have concentrated on JNDs as they are applied to the index finger; preliminary data in...