Rationale: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provides an important mechanism for resisting infectious pathogens within the respiratory tract, and accordingly, the in situ analysis of H2O2 generation in real time provides a valuable tool for assessing immune response. Methods: In this study, we applied a chemiluminescent nanoparticle-based real-time imaging approach to noninvasive evaluation of the Duox2...

Ludwig’s Angina (LA) is an uncommon but potentially fatal cellulitis of the submandibular space, complicated by contiguous spread of infection within the respiratory tract and acute airway obstruction. A 13 month-old female developed LA following upper respiratory tract infection with Parainfluenza-3 virus. There was rapid deterioration due to acute airway obstruction and emergency endoctrachea...

INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Genotypes of this virus and the role of the infants' serum antibodies have yet to be fully clarified. This knowledge is important for the development of effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the types and genotypes of RSV causing respir...

BACKGROUND Sensitive diagnostic assays have increased the detection of viruses in asymptomatic individuals. The clinical significance of asymptomatic respiratory viral infection in infants is unknown. METHODS High-throughput, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect 13 common respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal specimens collected during 2028 visits from 362 infan...

Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane, which often occurs as a result an acute upper respiratory tract infection. Generally, it caused by viral infection that then complicated secondary bacterial However, initial may also be bacterial.Otitis very common in children there high rate spontaneous recovery. It has been suggested unavoidable illness childhood part natur...

The viral etiology of frequently recurring respiratory tract infection (FRRI) in children aged <2 years was studied. Altogether, 329 children were followed from 2 to 24 months of age in the Finnish Otitis Media Cohort Study. Children with FRRI were defined as having > or =9 episodes of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and/or > or =4 episodes of acute otitis media during follow-up. Nasoph...

The ferret is an established animal model of influenza virus infection. Although viral replication in the upper respiratory tract is usually measured with consecutively collected nasal washes, daily evaluation of viral replication in the lung is limited because a large numbers of ferrets need to be sacrificed at consecutive time points. To overcome this limitation, we performed a virus quantifi...