in a unitary state, the decentralization consists to give the legal personality of the public law to the parts of the territory (village, city, province and region) will be liberally administrate. therefore, the authorities of these units (the members of the councils) are elected by the people and they have their administration, attributions, budget and employees. in this paper, we examine the ...

Hepatitis B and C virus infection prevalence was investigated in the Island of Jeju (formerly Cheju), the Republic of Korea, by means of a small-scale sero-epidemiological survey in 2000. Adult women in the city of Jeju (the provincial capital) and two fishing-farming villages A and B were invited to offer venous blood samples for immunological examination for infection markers of two virus and...

The Western Pacific and South East Asia regions are the largest and most populous of the six World Health Organisation regions and include more than 40 countries. More than 75% of the world's estimated 350 million carriers are located here. The region has therefore provided many insights into the epidemiology, natural history, and control of hepatitis B infection and has been home to the first ...

The slums are now a reality to be recognised. They were undoubtedly the prior nightmare of inhabitants in the world. Marrakech region experienced strong population growth. There is also a major investment in the tourism sector in the city and its outskirts. Unable to access any property, for lack of means, the newcomers live in these slums, and build shelters. What makes things more difficult? ...

In Mumbai, where 75 percent of the population live in slums or slum-like conditions (United Nations, 2001), availability of institutional services for childbirth is widespread and most babies are born in facilities (Yesudian, 1988). Despite this, underutilization of municipal services in favor of either childbirth at home or at private providers of variable quality, and late presentation at fac...

Fish borne trematodes are an important cause of morbidity in Kazakhstan. The number of human cases of opisthorchiidosis (infection with parasites of the family opisthorchiidae) reached a peak of 2521 recorded cases (17 cases per 100,000) in 2002 with a gradual decline to 1225 cases (7.4 cases per 100,000) in 2011. Most human cases are found in the north and north east part of Kazakhstan in area...

Disaster Resilient Village is a program to reduce disaster risk by involving the community. Padang City has highest potential and population at stake in West Sumatra. won 2021 Adhiwirasana Toughness Award. Due budget constraints, been vacuum of implementation from 2016 2020. Even sub-districts implemented only received low rating. The community motivated implement because they are willing use p...

We all remember the empty faces of students seated in rows, intermittently taking notes, and trying to retain disjointed facts. This old lecture style seems as antiquated as a 19th century clockwork mechanism; familiar and charming, but erratic and no longer adequate. The orderly structure of industrial age mechanisms and the repetitiveness of the assembly line are giving way to the all-at-once...

The development of technology coupled with the idea of global village is driving a trend that is advancing development of under developed nations through transfer of technology. To date, the transfer has mostly been in the form of finished products such as equipment being sold to developing nations. The designs for the pieces of equipment were initially inspired by technological needs in temper...