The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a promising test of the descending vestibulocollic system. Our aim was to determine whether the VEMP can be applied to an older patient population and can detect lesions in descending vestibulospinal pathways. We also compared VEMP clinical performance with that of the standard caloric test. VEMP test performance was retrospectively analyzed in...

Central vestibular neurons form identifiable subgroups within the boundaries of classically outlined octavolateral nuclei in primitive vertebrates that are distinct from those processing lateral line, electrosensory, and auditory signals. Each vestibular subgroup exhibits a particular morpho-physiological property that receives origin-specific sensory inputs from semicircular canal and otolith ...

This paper reviews the research findings that support the presence of vestibulospinal reflexes in corrections for head and body instability. Studies of the importance of labyrinthine inputs to the central nervous system organization of eye, head, and body movements demonstrate that the vestibular nuclei are more than a simple relay station for labyrinthine activity. At all levels of the vestibu...

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) appear to represent a new and promising technique for the assessment of vestibulospinal reflex function. The primary aims of the study described in this article were (1) to record VEMPs in normal volunteers using available equipment and to establish a range of norms of VEMP parameter values (latency, amplitude); (2) to confirm the saccular origin of...

conclusions though antibiotics are rarely indicated, they are often still used to treat rtis. the resulting increase in bacterial resistance, the lack of treatment efficacy, and drug-related side effects all underscore the need for alternative strategies to manage recurrent rtis. this article uses a typical pediatric case study to review central issues in the diagnosis and management of recurre...

gastrointestinal aspergillosis most often occurs in the setting of disseminated infection from a primary pulmonary site and primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis is an unusual presentation. we report a 7 year old female child with aplastic anemia, who was under treatment but experienced periods of neutropenia. she had no evidence of respiratory aspergillosis before the onset of abdominal sympt...

although gastrointestinal involvement by metastatic malignant melanoma is common but primary gastrointestinal (gi) melanoma has been reported in rare cases. in this study we report two cases of primary gastrointestinal malignant melanoma that one of them is a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(nf1). both cases showed no evidence of any lesions in skin and eye. malignant melanoma of gi tract...

a rare case of diffuse lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract is reported in which the patient presented with abdominal pain, weight loss and bloody diarrhea. x-rays revealed multiple polyps involving the stomach, small intestine and colon. biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of lymphomatous polyposis. the duration of symptoms and signs was 3 months. diffuse lymphomatous polyposis of...