In this paper, we describe hybrid feature extraction for offline handwritten character recognition. The proposed technique is a hybrid of structural, statistical and correlation features. In the first step, the proposed technique identifies the type and location of some elementary strokes in the character. The strokes to be looked for comprise horizontal, vertical, positive slant and negative s...

Measures of forest structure provide an important indication of productivity, health and the growth stage of a forest. Using traditional field-based approaches, extraction of such structural parameters is often time consuming and labour intensive. Remote sensing is a cost effective technique for mapping and interpreting some features of vegetation; and LiDAR provides highly accurate measurement...

With this inquiry, we seek to develop a disaggregated version of the post-Keynesian approach to economic growth, by showing that indeed it can be treated as a particular case of the Pasinettian model of structural change and economic expansion. By relying upon vertical integration it becomes possible to carry out the analysis initiated by Kaldor (1956) and Robinson (1956, 1962), and followed by...

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of (4-mercaptophenyl) (10-nitro-9-anthryl) acetylene (MPNAA) on Au(111) are studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Through careful analysis of the bias-dependent sub-molecular features observed in the high-resolution STM images, important structural details of the MPNAA SAM are disclosed, in addition to its structural character common for the anthrace...

Network theory provides various tools for investigating the structural or functional topology of many complex systems found in nature, technology and society. Nevertheless, it has recently been realised that a considerable number of systems of interest should be treated, more appropriately, as interacting networks or networks of networks. Here we introduce a novel graph-theoretical framework fo...

Neuronal gap junctions are ubiquitous in the brain, but their precise positions in actual neuronal circuits have been uncertain, and their functional roles remain unclear. In this study, I visualized connexin36-immunoreactive gap junctions and examined the structural features of the interconnected dendrites arising from parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in layer 4 of the feline visual cort...

A detailed understanding of the morphology of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) spike is key to understanding viral pathogenesis and for informed vaccine design. We have previously presented a cryoelectron microscopic tomogram (cryoET) of the Env spikes on SIV virions. Several structural features were noted in the gp120 head and gp41 stalk regions. Perhaps most notable was the presence of three splayed ...

The commentaries by Aaker (2006), Meyers-Levy (2006), and Oyserman (2006) extend the implications of the horizontal/vertical distinction described in our article (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, & Torelli, 2006) in a number of interesting directions. We join these authors in calling for further research on horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism constructs. We also highlight conceptual ...