Pen movements were recorded in healthy adults during learning of a sequence of vertical down strokes, a zigzag pattern, or a cursive-script pattern. The strokes had to be performed by moving the pen from target to target while visual feedback was offered via a computer monitor. The movement patterns were segmented into up and down strokes. Each stroke was segmented into primary and secondary su...

Craniofacial growth in 100 patients treated with the functional regulator of Fränkel for about 24 months was compared with craniofacial growth seen in a matched group of untreated persons with Class II malocclusion. Both conventional and geometric cephalometric analyses were used to evaluate the skeletal and dental adaptations. This study shows several clear effects of treatment in either of tw...

Anurans (frogs and toads) generate lymphatic fluid at 10 times the rate in mammals, largely as a consequence of their very 'leaky' vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. At present, it is unclear how lymphatic fluid that accumulates in central body subcutaneous lymph sacs is moved to the anterior ...

Electrical stimulation of brainstem tegmentum in alert macaques elicits a stereotyped ocular movement routine characterized by vertical divergence and conjugate cycloversion. The movement pattern is similar to those seen in the clinical syndromes of see-saw nystagmus and skew deviation. The stimulated movement pattern is not dependent on initial eye position and cannot be produced when the anim...

Mandibular kinetics is made up of complex movements in addition to the opening and closing movements of the jaw: they take place on the sagittal plane, on the vertical plane and on the transverse plane (1). The Bennett movement is part of this group of movements (2-3). It is a complex lateral movement or lateral shift of the BENNETT MOVEMENT OF MANDIBLE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL METHODS...

Voluntary vertical saccades were recorded in five normal human subjects with electro-oculography (EOG), an infrared, limbus tracking system (IR), and a magnetic scleral search coil method. The peak velocity-amplitude relationships of up and down saccades were measured during refixations across the center of the orbit and within the upper and lower fields of the orbit. The search coil was the mo...

Repetitive eye movement produces a compelling motion aftereffect (MAE). One mechanism thought to contribute to the illusory movement is an extra-retinal motion signal generated after adaptation. However, extra-retinal signals are also generated during pursuit. They modulate activity within cortical motion-processing area MST, helping transform retinal motion into motion in the world during an e...

Vertical drop jump has been suggested to be an effective movement screening task for ACL injury risk, but recent studies have questioned the ability of such tasks to accurately identify players with increased risk of injury. In this paper, we discuss the usefulness of movement screening tests from an injury prevention perspective.

Metaphorically, power equals up. Drawing on embodied theories of cognition, the author argues that thinking about power involves mental simulation of space and can be interfered with by perception of vertical differences. Study 1 assessed image schemas for power and found a shared vertical difference metaphor. Studies 2, 3, and 4 showed that the judgment of a group's power is influenced by the ...

The present study investigates how the CNS deals with the omnipresent force of gravity during arm motor planning. Previous studies have reported direction-dependent kinematic differences in the vertical plane; notably, acceleration duration was greater during a downward than an upward arm movement. Although the analysis of acceleration and deceleration phases has permitted to explore the integr...