A Venturi scrubber has dispersed three-phase flow of gas, dust, and liquid. Atomization of a liquid jet and interaction between the phases has a large effect on the performance of Venturi scrubbers. In this study, a computational model for the interactive three-phase flow in a Venturi scrubber has been developed to estimate pressure drop and collection efficiency. The Eulerian-Lagrangian method...

In this study a heat exchanger is designed for cooling exhaust gas and an experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) temperature on destruction of the fuel’s availability due to combustion processes in IDI diesel engine cylinder. To serve this aim an exergy analysis is conducted on the engine cylinder which provides all the availability terms by which...

CD154 (CD40 ligand) expression on CD4 T cells is normally tightly controlled, but abnormal or dysregulated expression of CD154 has been well documented in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Beyond regulation by NFAT proteins, little is known about the transcriptional activation of the CD154 promoter. We identified a species-conserved purine-rich sequence located adjacent...

The specific mechanisms for epigenetic regulation of gene transcription remain to be elucidated. We previously demonstrated that hyperacetylation of histone H3K9 in promoter II of glioma cells promotes high transcription of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene. This hyperacetylation significantly enhanced Egr-1 binding and increased the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (R...

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) regulates expression of proinflammatory and procoagulant genes in acute cell stress. Experimental evidence suggested that Egr-1 transcripts were upregulated in human atherosclerotic plaques versus adjacent unaffected tissue. To test the impact of Egr-1 in chronic vascular stress, we examined its role in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Real-time PCR analysis of...

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) are 2 response genes that can act as regulators of cell growth and apoptosis in response to stress. Both Egr-1 and c-Abl regulate cell proliferation and survival in different types of cancer cells. To study the effect of overexpression of EGR-1 on the activity of c-Abl in prostate cancer cells, human PC-3 and L...

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is a Cys2-His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor. A broad range of extracellular stimuli is capable of activating Egr-1, thus mediating growth, proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Egr-1 is, therefore, participating in the progression of a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis or cancer. Functional response elements connect Egr-1 to signal trans...

The early growth response-1 gene (EGR-1) is induced by a wide range of stimuli in diverse cell types; however, EGR-1-regulated genes display a highly restricted pattern of expression. Recently, an overlapping Sp1.EGR-1 binding site has been identified within the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene promoter directly upstream of the binding site for the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We used t...

The EGR-1 gene is an immediate early response gene encoding a zinc finger DNA-binding protein. The present studies have examined the regulation of EGR-1 gene expression in human U-937 monocytic leukemia cells treated with granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF). The results demonstrate that GM-CSF rapidly and transiently increases EGR-1 gene expression in U-937 cells. Similar f...