This study attempted to explore the interactive relations among agricultural labour wage rates in five neighbouring Indian states viz., Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu Telangana and Chhattisgarh using monthly time series data of 2005-2020. The objective this was examine degree integration labourers states. Integration with outside markets may partly mitigate costs climate change, as indivi...

Vector autoregressions are widely used in macroeconomic forecasting since they became known in the 1970s. Extensions including vector error correction models, co-integration and dynamic factor models are all rooted in the framework of vector autoregression. The three important extensions are demonstrated to have formal equivalence between each other. Above all, they all emphasize the importance...

The research was conducted on the topic: Defense Budget and Response of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria: Co-integration Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Approach. It investigated how move response to defence budget considering insecurity problem faced by Nigeria during period study. Time series data which spanned from 1981 2019 sourced CBN. collected subjected unit root test, co-...

We present a comprehensive modelling framework aimed at quantifying the response of agricultural commodity prices to changes in their potential determinants. The problem model uncertainty is assessed explicitly by concentrating on specification selection based quality short-term out-of-sample forecasts (1 12 months ahead) for price wheat, soybeans and corn. Univariate multivariate autoregressiv...

This study examines the integration of regional dairy markets in Poland, which is a major European producing country. The analysis prices important, as many farmers are members processing cooperatives, and their incomes affected by two popular products: butter curd. Moreover, period included significant fluctuations world market termination milk quota system Union (EU). price records used this ...

The management of public expenditure is crucial due to its effect on people’s standard living. In line with this, this study investigated growth and national consumption costs using a vector error correction approach. objective determine the capital recurrent consumer price index. dependent variable in measured by index, while independent expenditures. An ex post facto research design was adopt...