A heterogenetic antigen, labile to heat (100 C) at alkaline pH, was found in many species of gram-positive bacteria (Rantz et al., J. Infectious Diseases 98:211, 1956). Erythrocytes sensitized with this antigen are agglutinated by homologous antibodies in normal human serum with heterogenetic antibodies in bacterial antisera from man and rabbit. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria mo'nocytogenes, a...

Replacement of skim milk proteins by solubilized wheat protein (SWP) in milk replacers for veal calves would contribute to the reduction in feeding costs. The occurrence of metabolic disorders has, however, been reported. Forty-two male calves received one of three treatments over 140 days: a control diet, a diet containing SWP without or with branched-chain amino acid supplementation. Liveweig...

The cecal flora of mice is able to eliminate Clostridium difficile from the mouse cecum even when C. difficile is the first organism established. We used a continuous-flow (CF) culture model of the cecal flora to investigate the possibility that competition for nutrients is one mechanism for this antagonism. The medium for the CF cultures consisted of homogenates of fecal pellets from germfree ...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) is an intracellular pathogen belonging to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Reservoirs of MAC are the natural environment, wildlife and domestic animals. In adult bovine, MAC infections are typically caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Maa infections in bovine are rarely reported but may cause clinical disease a...

Comparisons were made of the behaviour, physiology and meat quality of 24-week-old male veal calves (mean live weight 234 kg) that were slaughtered either at the veal unit (the control group) or following 3 h transportation at space allowances of either 0.7 or 0.95 m calf 1 and 1.5 h of lairage. Compared with nontransported calves, transported calves had a greater heart rate during the journey ...

INTRODUCTION The evaluation of new animal husbandry concepts includes, beyond the exploration chosen parameters, that question is addressed whether economic benefits for producers and ethical society result system when compared to traditional systems. In a previous study, novel management housing concept veal production («outdoor calf», OVC) was tested from October 2016 July 2018. The OVC as...