trying to use embryonic stem cells about 20 years ago, working with animals,  especially rats began. during these years , many experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells to transform into a variety of cells and transplanting them were led to remarkable success . in the next issue of human stem cells were considered successful until finally in 1998 the first report was published in the proliferat...

Introduction Background. To obtain information on the manageQuality of vascular access determines patients’ wellment of vascular access in Italy. being as well as costs and efficacy of dialysis treatment. Method. Questionnaire sent to all dialysis centres. The Creation of vascular access for dialysis requires intermain questions were: (i) who is in charge of establishing action between differen...

over a seven year period from 1982 to 1989,3337 conduits were created in 3137 patients with end stage renal disease (esrd) as access for chronic dialysis. these included 2690 side-to-side arteriovenous fistulae (a vf), 168 end-to-side a vfs, 10 autogenous vein grafts, 51 homogenous frozen vein grafts, 109 polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) grafts, 209 emergency external arteriovenous shunts, three ...

The article presents a clinical case of nodular uterine leiomyoma giant size on the background type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension and obesity with classic picture metabolic syndrome development severe vascular pathology steno-occlusive atherosclerotic lesions abdominal aorta bifurcation (Lerich’s syndrome) acute circulatory disorders in left lower extremity gangrene toes foot. patie...

Despite the importance of hemodialysis vascular access, the cost of vascular access care has not been studied in detail. A prospective cost analysis was performed among incident hemodialysis patients to determine the cost of vascular access care overall and on the basis of access type. Detailed clinical and demographic information, as well as data on access type, was collected for all local inc...