Engines equipped with camless valve trains will have greater space for performance optimization. In this paper, based on the electromagnetic actuated valve train system, one-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation models on engine thermodynamic cycle and in-cylinder charge motion are established, respectively. With the application of early-intake-valve closing (EIVC) strategy，unthrottled l...

Echocardiographic studies have confirmed that normal splitting of the first heart sound is a result of mitral valve closure preceding tricuspid valve closure. This fits in with contraction of the left ventricle before the right, but the width of splitting is usually greater than would be expected from the known ventricular asynchrony. The importance of atrial systole, which initiates closure of...

Nowadays, the constant striving to reduce emission and increase overall efficiency over a wide range of speeds loads internal combustion engine (CE) is observed. The different methods for improving charge exchange in engine, particularly ones based on variable valve timing are sought. This variability can be achieved, among others by using electrohydraulic drive. goal present study compare dyna...

Sir: We read the article ‘Anatomic characteristics of bileaflet mitral valve prolapse – Barlow disease – in patients undergoing mitral valve repair’ by Rostagno et al. (2014) with great interest. In this article, they shared their surgical observations about bileaflet mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in terms of mitral valve repair. We appreciated their experiences on mitral valve repair in patients...

the depth control systems used in iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. in this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. by using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. the control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a programmable l...

Mitral valve repair offers superior long-term survival, freedom from cardiac morbidity, and quality of life in patients with severe mitral regurgitation compared to medical management and mitral valve replacement; it is the treatment of choice in these patients. Mitral valve repair is the only treatment that restores normal life expectancy to otherwise healthy patients with advanced degenerativ...

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are widely used in many important fields. The valve train clearance of an ICE usually exceeds the normal value due to wear or faulty adjustment. This work aims at diagnosing the valve clearance fault based on the vibration signals measured on the engine cylinder heads. The non-stationarity of the ICE operating condition makes it difficult to obtain the nominal...