We discuss a rigorous foundation of the pure scale relativity theory for a one-dimensional space variable. We define several notions as ‘‘representation’’ of a continuous function, scale law and minimal resolution. We define precisely the meaning of a scale reference system and space reference system for non-differentiable one-dimensional manifolds. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Yu-Fen Yang, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Wen-Ting Meng, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Oftentimes, college students who learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL) provide their peers with incorrect and misleading feedback during text revision. To improve the effectiveness of peer feedback, this study examined the degree to which online feedback trai...

One of the most critical concerns that customers have voiced in the debate over real-time retail electricity pricing is that they would be exposed to risk from fluctuations in their electricity cost. The concern seems to be that a customer could find itself consuming a large quantity of power on the day that prices skyrocket and thus receive a monthly bill far larger than it had budgeted for. I...

We investigate the influences of variables on a Boolean function f based on the quantum BernsteinVazirani algorithm. A previous paper has proved that if a n-variable Boolean function f(x1, · · · , xn) does not depend on an input variable xi, using the Bernstein-Vazirani circuit to f will always obtain an output y that has a 0 in the ith position. We generalize this result and show that after se...

Although extreme learning machine (ELM) has been successfully applied to a number of pattern recognition problems, it fails to provide sufficient good results in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification due to two main drawbacks. The first is due to the random weights and bias of ELM, which may lead to ill-posed problems. The second is the lack of spatial information for classification. To tack...

This paper is concerned with the discretization of the fractional-order differentiator and integrator, which is the foundation of the digital realization of fractional order controller. Firstly, the parameterized Al-Alaoui transform is presented as a general generating function with one variable parameter, which can be adjusted to obtain the commonly used generating functions (e.g. Euler operat...

To obtain fast time response plasma properties, electron density and electron temperature, with a Langmuir probe the applied probe voltage has to be swept at high frequency. Due to the RC characteristics of coaxial cables, an induced noise of square waveform will appear when a sawtooth voltage is applied to the probe. Such a noise is very annoying and difficult to remove, particularly when the ...

In response to calls in the Information Systems literature to contextualize usage, we propose that measuring computer-based multitasking is essential to accurately describe and properly assess the manner in which people use Information Technology. To this end, we develop several multitasking metrics ranging from a very lean dichotomous variable to a very rich measure that combines user, task an...

A foundation of quantum mechanics based on the concepts of focusing and symmetry is proposed. Focusing is connected to c-variables inaccessible conceptually derived variables; several examples of such variables are given. The focus is then on a maximal accessible parameter, a function of the common c-variable. Symmetry is introduced via a group acting on the c-variable. From this, the Hilbert s...

As a wireless technique advances, the frequency tapping danger grows bigger and the frequency security is required more. Dynamic frequency selection(DFS) technique has the strength in frequency security because it uses variable frequency. In this paper, we investigate DFS technique in IEEE 802.22 WRAN environment of Cognitive radio(CR) foundation for the security. To use frequency more efficien...