This note observes that instrumental variables techniques are useful not only for estimating causal effects, but that they simultaneously solve the ecological inference problem. ∗Correspondence can be addressed to the author at MEDS Department, Kellogg School of Management, 2001 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, or by email: [email protected]. The ecological inference problem i...

sustainable coastal fishing management includes different components and factors. one of the practical initiatives to achieve sustainability is to evaluate or measure different criteria of sustainability and measuring sustainability of each system needs its own indicators. this study aimed to investigate different criteria of sustainable coastal fishing management in beach seine cooperatives (b...

Howard D. Rundle* and Patrik Nosil Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Ecological processes are central to the formation of new species when barriers to gene flow (reproductive isolation) evo...

BACKGROUND New quantitative methods to collect and analyze data have produced novel findings in ethnobiology. A common application of quantitative methods in ethnobiology is to assess the traditional ecological knowledge of individuals. Few studies have addressed reliability of indices of traditional ecological knowledge constructed with different quantitative methods. METHODS We assessed the...

echinacea purpurea is an herbaceous perennial plant as members of the asteraceae family. it is one the important medicinal plant in pharmacy industrial. active substances of echinaceae are amplifier of body's immune system and antivirus. echinacea is not native to iran. the phytochemical traits of medicinal plants depend on ecological conditions involving growing areas, climate conditions; vari...

ANDREW R. DZIALOWSKI, JAY T. LENNON*, W.J . O’BRIEN AND VAL H. SMITH Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, U.S.A. *Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6044 Gilman Laboratory, Hanover, NH, U.S.A. 037553576 †Present address: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, U.S.A. 27402-...

Recognizing semantic relations between sentences, such as entailment and contradiction, is a challenging task that requires detailed analysis of the interaction between diverse linguistic phenomena. In this paper, we propose a latent discriminative model that unifies a statistical framework and a theory of Natural Logic to capture complex interactions between linguistic phenomena. The proposed ...

Diversity is a key feature of biological systems. In complex ecological systems, which are composed of several components and multiple parallel interactions among them, it is increasingly needed to precisely understand structural and dynamical variability among components. This variability is the basis of adaptability and evolvability in nature, as well as adaptive management-based applications...

‎In this paper‎, ‎a coherent system consisting of non-identical dependent active components and‎ ‎equipped with non-identical dependent standby components is considered‎. ‎The main object of this study is the random quantity‎ ‎which account the number of surviving standby components when the system‎ ‎is failed‎. ‎We represent the distribution function of the corresponding random variable in ter...