The purpose of this paper is to estimate the evaporation rate in the purification of wastewater by aquatic plants with aeration. Evaporation of surface water is important in dewatering processes. In particular, this is true in arid climates, where evaporation rates are high. Aeration is known to enhance the wastewater purification process, but it increases concurrently the water evaporation rat...

Photon yields in damp air excited by an electron using a 90 Sr β source are compared with those in dry air. Water vapors considerably reduce the yields, however, a further study is needed to evaluate the effects on the energy estimation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The relation of fluorescence efficiency to the life time of de-excitation by radiation is discussed.

A broadly responsive optical organic vapor sensor is described that responds to low concentrations of organic vapors without significant interference from water vapor. Responses to several classes of organic vapors are highlighted, and trends within classes are presented. The relationship between molecular properties (vapor pressure, boiling point, polarizability, and refractive index) and sens...

We propose a sub-millimeter-scale vapor-cell atomic-frequency reference based on a micromachined vapor cell, all-optical excitation, and advanced diode-laser technology. We analyze theoretically the performance of such a device as a function of cell size. Initial measurements on small-scale vapor cells support the theoretical treatment. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1494...

A modification of Peng-Robinson equation is described wherein in the parameter b is expressed as a linear function of temperature. The modified equation is then applied to a series of light hydrocarbons and refrigerants, and predicted values for vapor pressure, saturated vapor volume, saturated liquid volume and the heat of evaporation are compared with the corresponding experimental data. ...

The thermodynamic properties of fluids can be predicted using the global equations of state. Among these thermodynamic properties of fluids, we choose the densities of the liquid and vapor phases. This paper considers the application of the crossover model to the vapor-liquid rectilinear diameter of sulfurhexafluoride. We also present a comparison of the crossover model equation with ...

BACKGROUND Despite their growing popularity, the potential respiratory toxicity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remains largely unknown. One potential aspect of e-cigarette toxicity is the effect of e-cigarette vapor on lung surfactant function. Lung surfactant is a mixture of lipids and proteins that lines the alveolar region. The surfactant layer reduces the surface tension of the alv...

The examination of available vapor pressure data in the case of the methane, ethane, propane and butane halogenated refrigerants, allowed recommendations of standard equations for this property. In this study, three new models include a general correlation; a substance-dependent correlation and an artificial neural network (ANN) approach have been developed to estimate the saturated vapor press...

In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) has been used to predict the vapor pressure of pure organic compounds based on Riedel equation. Initially, the coefficients of Riedel equation were optimized. Then, a new term was added to the original Riedel equation to reduce error of the model in prediction of vapor pressures of pure materials. 110 components at two different pressures (10 and 100 kPa)...

gas injection into heavy oil reservoirs could result in high ultimate recovery of oil. experimental studies showed that an application of a combined technology of gas assisted gravity drainage (gagd) and vapor extraction (vapex) could increase final oil recovery of a candidate viscous oil reservoir. in this paper the results of laboratory investigation are presented, including pressure-volume-t...