abstract background: inappropriate prescription of vancomycin has been shown to be asso- ciated with induction of antibiotic resistance. the objective of this study was to deter- mine the incidence of inappropriate use of vancomycin in a tertiary care hospital in iran. methods: a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was performed from september 2004 to march 2005 in all units of a general ...

vancomycin is a a glycopeptide antibiotic with bacetiocidal effects on gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis. the necessity for monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations (svcs) has been recently noticed at many institutions because of concerns for its nephrotoxicity. we aimed to describe the svcs monitoring in pediatric patients, in an effort to determine subtherape...

background in recent decades, bacterial antibiotic resistance (especially in enterococci) has become a significant problem for human and veterinary medicine. one of the most important antibiotic resistances in enterococci, vancomycin resistance, is encoded by van gene family. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance to vancomycin in enterococci and the genes res...

Background. Current guidelines for systemic vancomycin dosing recommended using actual body weight (ABW) regardless of body mass index (BMI). We sought to evaluate the effect of this dosing strategy in obese patients with BMI ≥35. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years old with a BMI ≥35 hospitalized between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013 with at least 3 doses of intra...

BACKGROUND Increased incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species has required some hospitals to choose vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. Guidelines for appropriate timing of vancomycin prophylaxis state that the infusion should begin within 120 min before the first surgical incision. However, no studies have investigated the proper timing of vancomycin prophylaxis in relationsh...

Vancomycin with piperacillin-tazobactam is used as empirical therapy for critically ill patients. Studies of this combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) are limited, but β-lactams in combination with vancomycin have shown synergistic activity against MRSA and VISA. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether piperac...

UNLABELLED A prospective study was conducted to determine if standardized vancomycin doses could produce adequate serum concentrations in 25 term newborn infants with sepsis. PURPOSE The therapeutic response of neonatal sepsis by Staphylococcus sp. treated with vancomycin was evaluated through serum concentrations of vancomycin, serum bactericidal titers (SBT), and minimum inhibitory concentr...

In January 2006, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) updated breakpoints for vancomycin susceptibility testing for Staphylococcus aureus such that an MIC greater than 2 mg/liter was considered to represent nonsusceptibility to vancomycin. Previously, an MIC of 4 mg/liter had been considered to represent susceptibility. Additionally, in 2009, the CLSI altered the guidelines fo...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathophysiology of vancomycin-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions, review the process of vancomycin desensitization, and provide specific directions for ordering and preparing rapid and slow desensitization protocols. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1966-February 2001) of English-language literature pertaining to vancomycin desensitization and hypersensitivity...

Using a strain of Streptococcus sanguis tolerant to vancomycin to infect aortic vegetations in rats, we found that prophylactic intravenous vancomycin given 30 min before bacterial challenge decreased the incidence of endocarditis from 88 to 8% (P less than 10(-5)). Because peak vancomycin serum levels were below the minimal bactericidal concentration, mechanisms of protection other than bacter...